Chapter 5 Files, directories, and the File system

Describe Linux file system

-setup with default root-level directories /bin/, /boot/, /dev/, /etc/, /home/, /lib/, /media/, /mnt/ etc....

Where would I find Linux' OS folder?

/usr/lib

What would I find in /root

Home directory for user root

What is a partition?

Logical division within the file system. Windows: denoted using a letter (C:\ vs D:\) Linux: refers to a separate logical disk (file system, floppy drive, cd-rw/dvd drive)

What does the Linux file command 'mv' do?

Moves or renames a file or directory

Describe the heirarchical structure of the file system.

OS maps the logical location to the physical location. Logical view: Partitions, Directories, Files Physical view: File system block on a physical disk

Name the 3 levels in the logical file system

Partitions, directories, & files

Main windows directories....

Program files (32bit & 64bit), Users, Windows

What is a Linux 'inode' ?

a file system component; not a file but a data structure that stores info about a file

What would I find in windows program files?

application software

How do we determine the file types? And what are they used for?

by their extensions (ex docx) It tells us what software created it and thus what program to use to open it

Where would I find windows OS folder?

c:\windows\system32

What are some significant DOS commands?

chkdsk; diskpart-repartition a disk; find-find a program

What would I find in root directory /bin

common operating system programs (ls, grep, cp, mv)

What would I find in root directory /etc

configuration files specific to the machine

Describe Linux directories?

contains a number of pre-established directories that are more defined (file system, etc)

What does the Linux file command 'cp' do?

copies a file or directory to a new location

What does the windows file command 'copy' do?

copies file to a new location

What does the Linux file command 'mkdir' do?

creates a new (sub)directory

What does the windows file command 'mkdir' do?

creates a new (sub)directory

What types of files are more common in windows?

data files (produced from software, such as word documents (docx), excel files (xlsx); may be mulitmedia files (wav, mp3), image files (gif, jpg, bmp), movie files (mpg, avi, mov)

What would I find in /dev

device files (ex. /dev/fd0=floppy disk; /dev/hda0=master IDE drive on primary IDE controller; /dev/ht0= first IDE tape drive; /dev/lp0= first parallel printer device; /dev/pcd0= first parallel port CD ROM drive; /dev/pt0= port tape; etc)

Describe lossy file compression.

discards some of the data in order to reduce the file size (ex audio streaming, video, images,)

What are some file system and system administrative tasks that should be considered?

disk quotas=establishes disk usage policy on user encryption=securing user files file sharing=via remote storage or mapping a network file

What does the Linux file command 'cat, more, less' do?

displays the contents of a file to the screen

What does the windows file command 'type' do?

displays the contents of a file to the screen

What would I find in /boot

files used by a bootstrap loader(LILO, GRUB)

What are directories?

folders; can be placed inside of each other (subdirectory)

Name the different types of pointers used in a file.

hard link: physical location in the disk drive soft link: points to another entry in the directory structure(Linux; symbolic link, windows; shortcut)

What is a file pointer?

it is a logical location of the file in the file system -stored info to where the location of the next block in the file is located.

What does the Linux file command 'ls' do?

lists the files & subdirectories of the given directory

What does the windows file command 'dir' do?

lists the files & subdirectories of the given directory

What are two forms of file compression?

lossless lossy

Describe lossless file compression.

makes a file smaller in size, without the loss of data(text files) -time consuming

What are files?

meaningful units of storage in a file system. (data and programs)

What does the windows file command 'move' do?

moves a file to a new location, or renames the file

What would I find in /proc

not an actual physical directory; is kept in memory of OS and stores process info such as device drivers, interrupts currently in use, info about processor, and active processes

What does the windows file command 'rmdir' do?

removes a directory

What does the Linux file command 'rmdir' do?

removes a directory; the directory must be empty for this to work

What does the Linux file command 'rm' do?

removes(deletes) a file

What does the windows file command 'del' do?

removes(deletes) a file

What would I find in /lib

shared libraries used during dynamic linking; these files similar to dll files in windows

What would I find in /tmp

temporary file storage for running programs that need to create and use temporary files

Describe types of data files?

text file, formatted text file, or binary files.

What types of files are more common in Linux?

text files

What would I find in Linux /home

users directories

What would I find in /usr

various system & user applications software, with subdirectories (/usr/bin; /usr/sbin; /usr/share/man; /usr/local; etc)