Chapter 5 Files, directories, and the File system
Describe Linux file system
-setup with default root-level directories /bin/, /boot/, /dev/, /etc/, /home/, /lib/, /media/, /mnt/ etc....
Where would I find Linux' OS folder?
/usr/lib
What would I find in /root
Home directory for user root
What is a partition?
Logical division within the file system. Windows: denoted using a letter (C:\ vs D:\) Linux: refers to a separate logical disk (file system, floppy drive, cd-rw/dvd drive)
What does the Linux file command 'mv' do?
Moves or renames a file or directory
Describe the heirarchical structure of the file system.
OS maps the logical location to the physical location. Logical view: Partitions, Directories, Files Physical view: File system block on a physical disk
Name the 3 levels in the logical file system
Partitions, directories, & files
Main windows directories....
Program files (32bit & 64bit), Users, Windows
What is a Linux 'inode' ?
a file system component; not a file but a data structure that stores info about a file
What would I find in windows program files?
application software
How do we determine the file types? And what are they used for?
by their extensions (ex docx) It tells us what software created it and thus what program to use to open it
Where would I find windows OS folder?
c:\windows\system32
What are some significant DOS commands?
chkdsk; diskpart-repartition a disk; find-find a program
What would I find in root directory /bin
common operating system programs (ls, grep, cp, mv)
What would I find in root directory /etc
configuration files specific to the machine
Describe Linux directories?
contains a number of pre-established directories that are more defined (file system, etc)
What does the Linux file command 'cp' do?
copies a file or directory to a new location
What does the windows file command 'copy' do?
copies file to a new location
What does the Linux file command 'mkdir' do?
creates a new (sub)directory
What does the windows file command 'mkdir' do?
creates a new (sub)directory
What types of files are more common in windows?
data files (produced from software, such as word documents (docx), excel files (xlsx); may be mulitmedia files (wav, mp3), image files (gif, jpg, bmp), movie files (mpg, avi, mov)
What would I find in /dev
device files (ex. /dev/fd0=floppy disk; /dev/hda0=master IDE drive on primary IDE controller; /dev/ht0= first IDE tape drive; /dev/lp0= first parallel printer device; /dev/pcd0= first parallel port CD ROM drive; /dev/pt0= port tape; etc)
Describe lossy file compression.
discards some of the data in order to reduce the file size (ex audio streaming, video, images,)
What are some file system and system administrative tasks that should be considered?
disk quotas=establishes disk usage policy on user encryption=securing user files file sharing=via remote storage or mapping a network file
What does the Linux file command 'cat, more, less' do?
displays the contents of a file to the screen
What does the windows file command 'type' do?
displays the contents of a file to the screen
What would I find in /boot
files used by a bootstrap loader(LILO, GRUB)
What are directories?
folders; can be placed inside of each other (subdirectory)
Name the different types of pointers used in a file.
hard link: physical location in the disk drive soft link: points to another entry in the directory structure(Linux; symbolic link, windows; shortcut)
What is a file pointer?
it is a logical location of the file in the file system -stored info to where the location of the next block in the file is located.
What does the Linux file command 'ls' do?
lists the files & subdirectories of the given directory
What does the windows file command 'dir' do?
lists the files & subdirectories of the given directory
What are two forms of file compression?
lossless lossy
Describe lossless file compression.
makes a file smaller in size, without the loss of data(text files) -time consuming
What are files?
meaningful units of storage in a file system. (data and programs)
What does the windows file command 'move' do?
moves a file to a new location, or renames the file
What would I find in /proc
not an actual physical directory; is kept in memory of OS and stores process info such as device drivers, interrupts currently in use, info about processor, and active processes
What does the windows file command 'rmdir' do?
removes a directory
What does the Linux file command 'rmdir' do?
removes a directory; the directory must be empty for this to work
What does the Linux file command 'rm' do?
removes(deletes) a file
What does the windows file command 'del' do?
removes(deletes) a file
What would I find in /lib
shared libraries used during dynamic linking; these files similar to dll files in windows
What would I find in /tmp
temporary file storage for running programs that need to create and use temporary files
Describe types of data files?
text file, formatted text file, or binary files.
What types of files are more common in Linux?
text files
What would I find in Linux /home
users directories
What would I find in /usr
various system & user applications software, with subdirectories (/usr/bin; /usr/sbin; /usr/share/man; /usr/local; etc)