Chapter 5

amino

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ________ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.

at any age

At what age can type 1 diabetes first occur?

liver

Where is glucose store in the body?

Type 1 Diabetes

cannot be prevented

ketoacidosis

condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketones

where the food was grown its degree of ripeness the extent of processing

the glycemic index of a food can vary depending which of the following?

muscles

the primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and

126 mg/dl

what is the criterion for fasting blood glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic?

cannot be digested

Fiber is different than polyccharides in that the bonds that hold the glucose in fiber together ________.

insoluble fiber

Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called

fiber rich bran seed oily germ starchy endosperm

For a grain to be classified as a whole grain it must contain the

50

HDL levels are considered to be low for women below ___ mg/dl.

1. carbohydrate 2. protein

List in order the body's preference for using nutrients for energy.

reactive hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar that occurs after a meal containing high amounts of refined carbohydrate is called ____.

38g

What is the Adequate intake level of dieatary fiber for men?

fat

Which macronutrient provides 9 kcal per gram?

-choose vegetables, fiber rich foods, and whole grains

Which of the following are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet the AIs?

Apples

Which of the following are good sources of soluble fiber?

shakiness irritability

Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?

heart eyes kidneys

Which of the following areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes?

-adds bulk to feces - is a complex carbohydrate - a substance found in plants

Which of the following statements about fiber are true?

type 2 diabetes

Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity?

hemorrhoids

Straining due to constipation can result in the small rectal veins becoming swollen, making them likely to bleed and cause discomfort and itching. These cluster of veins are called ___

have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later

Women who had gestational diabetes during pregnancy

hemoglobin

over time, blood glucose attaches to ______ in red blood cells that is why hemoglobin A1C can be used to determine blood glucose levels overtime.

-40 -35

A waist circumference greater than or equal to _____ inches for men and ______ inches for women is considered too large and is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome

try a smaller amount of milk and see if it is tolerated

What should people do if they suspect they are lactose intolerant?

hypoglycemia

When an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl they are diagnosed with

soluble fiber

Which type of fiber either dissolves or swells when put into water?

carbohydrates

(glycemic index x Grams of _____) / 100 = Glycemic Load

decreasing intake of saturated fat -reducing salt intake

Dietary changes that can benefit a patient with metabolic syndrome include

obesity

High Fiber diets may lower your risk for _____.

an adult

Historically, a person classified with type 2 diabetes was which of the following

millions

How many americans shows signs of decreased lactose digestion?

cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes

Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing:

2

The form of diabetes that is strongly associated with obesity is Type __

moderate weightloss is helpful

To improve blood glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes

weight loss -controlled blood glucose levels -exercise

Treatment for type 2 diabetes includes which of the following ?

a mixture of nutrients fiber

a single foods effects on blood glucose can be reduced when the food is eaten as part of a meal containing

Epinephrine is released from the

adrenal glands

fiber

cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gums, and mucilages are examples of the polysaccharide called _________.

beta

most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas called______ cells.

fruity smelling breath -blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl -excessive thirst -frequent urination

signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis include

bile components

soluble fiber improves heart health by binding to ____ in the GI tract

- diabetic candy -sugar-free gum - breath mints

sugar alcohols are used in

diverticula

the condition that occurs when bacteria and food particles become trapped in diverticula is called

gestational diabetes

the disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy is called _______ _______.

What does the term starch mean?

the storage form of carbohydrates in plants

glyocgen

the storage form of glucose in the body is called ______.

high fructose corn syrup

the sweetening agent in sweetened beverages that is thought to contribute to obesity is

carbohydrates

tooth decay is the only healthy problem clearly associated with eating

25%

what percentage of amercans aged 65 years or older have diabetes?

diabetes

Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. his doctor sends him for tests to see if he has

cannot

The chemical bonds between individual sugar units in fiber _____ be digested by human enzymes in the GI tract.

-exercise daily -losing excess body fat -consume a healthy diet

What can you do to control your type 2 diabetes?

calcium vitamins

What are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide?

300 grams

When consuming a 2000 kcal diet, the Daily value for carbohydrates is ___.

softer stools more regular bowel movements

When people consume adequate fiber they experience

sedentary life style

Which behavior is most likely to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes obesity

Which of the following conditions can be linked to a high glycemic index diet?

African Asian Eastern European

Which of the following ethnic groups are predisposed to lactose intolerance?

cornflakes baked potatoes white rice

Which of the following foods have a high glycemic index?

raw apples carrots spaghetti fat-free milk peanuts

Which of the following foods have a low glycemic index?

obesity

Which of the following health conditions are linked to a very high sugar diet?

150 mg/dl

At what initial level are triglyceride levels considered to be to high?

polysaccharides

Both starch and glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together and are thus types of ___________.

- high blood pressure - large waist circumference - high fasting blood glucose

Choose all of the following signs that are linked to metabolic syndrome.

false

T/F: Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials.

hyperglycemia

When an individual's blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed as having

amylopectin

Which of the following is not considered a fiber?

fiber tends to be "filling" resulting in lower calorie intake

Which of the following is true about a high fiber intake?

Research does not indicate that sugar increases a childs risk for hyperactivity (ADHD)

Which of the following is true about sugar and hyperactivity?

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following patients may or may not require the use of insulin?

vision changes

a person with a newly diagnosed often complains of

ketone bodies

chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown