Chapter 5
amino
Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ________ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.
at any age
At what age can type 1 diabetes first occur?
liver
Where is glucose store in the body?
Type 1 Diabetes
cannot be prevented
ketoacidosis
condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketones
where the food was grown its degree of ripeness the extent of processing
the glycemic index of a food can vary depending which of the following?
muscles
the primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and
126 mg/dl
what is the criterion for fasting blood glucose above which an individual is diagnosed as diabetic?
cannot be digested
Fiber is different than polyccharides in that the bonds that hold the glucose in fiber together ________.
insoluble fiber
Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called
fiber rich bran seed oily germ starchy endosperm
For a grain to be classified as a whole grain it must contain the
50
HDL levels are considered to be low for women below ___ mg/dl.
1. carbohydrate 2. protein
List in order the body's preference for using nutrients for energy.
reactive hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar that occurs after a meal containing high amounts of refined carbohydrate is called ____.
38g
What is the Adequate intake level of dieatary fiber for men?
fat
Which macronutrient provides 9 kcal per gram?
-choose vegetables, fiber rich foods, and whole grains
Which of the following are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet the AIs?
Apples
Which of the following are good sources of soluble fiber?
shakiness irritability
Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?
heart eyes kidneys
Which of the following areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes?
-adds bulk to feces - is a complex carbohydrate - a substance found in plants
Which of the following statements about fiber are true?
type 2 diabetes
Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity?
hemorrhoids
Straining due to constipation can result in the small rectal veins becoming swollen, making them likely to bleed and cause discomfort and itching. These cluster of veins are called ___
have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later
Women who had gestational diabetes during pregnancy
hemoglobin
over time, blood glucose attaches to ______ in red blood cells that is why hemoglobin A1C can be used to determine blood glucose levels overtime.
-40 -35
A waist circumference greater than or equal to _____ inches for men and ______ inches for women is considered too large and is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome
try a smaller amount of milk and see if it is tolerated
What should people do if they suspect they are lactose intolerant?
hypoglycemia
When an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl they are diagnosed with
soluble fiber
Which type of fiber either dissolves or swells when put into water?
carbohydrates
(glycemic index x Grams of _____) / 100 = Glycemic Load
decreasing intake of saturated fat -reducing salt intake
Dietary changes that can benefit a patient with metabolic syndrome include
obesity
High Fiber diets may lower your risk for _____.
an adult
Historically, a person classified with type 2 diabetes was which of the following
millions
How many americans shows signs of decreased lactose digestion?
cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes
Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing:
2
The form of diabetes that is strongly associated with obesity is Type __
moderate weightloss is helpful
To improve blood glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes
weight loss -controlled blood glucose levels -exercise
Treatment for type 2 diabetes includes which of the following ?
a mixture of nutrients fiber
a single foods effects on blood glucose can be reduced when the food is eaten as part of a meal containing
Epinephrine is released from the
adrenal glands
fiber
cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gums, and mucilages are examples of the polysaccharide called _________.
beta
most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas called______ cells.
fruity smelling breath -blood glucose level above 250 mg/dl -excessive thirst -frequent urination
signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis include
bile components
soluble fiber improves heart health by binding to ____ in the GI tract
- diabetic candy -sugar-free gum - breath mints
sugar alcohols are used in
diverticula
the condition that occurs when bacteria and food particles become trapped in diverticula is called
gestational diabetes
the disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy is called _______ _______.
What does the term starch mean?
the storage form of carbohydrates in plants
glyocgen
the storage form of glucose in the body is called ______.
high fructose corn syrup
the sweetening agent in sweetened beverages that is thought to contribute to obesity is
carbohydrates
tooth decay is the only healthy problem clearly associated with eating
25%
what percentage of amercans aged 65 years or older have diabetes?
diabetes
Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. his doctor sends him for tests to see if he has
cannot
The chemical bonds between individual sugar units in fiber _____ be digested by human enzymes in the GI tract.
-exercise daily -losing excess body fat -consume a healthy diet
What can you do to control your type 2 diabetes?
calcium vitamins
What are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide?
300 grams
When consuming a 2000 kcal diet, the Daily value for carbohydrates is ___.
softer stools more regular bowel movements
When people consume adequate fiber they experience
sedentary life style
Which behavior is most likely to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes obesity
Which of the following conditions can be linked to a high glycemic index diet?
African Asian Eastern European
Which of the following ethnic groups are predisposed to lactose intolerance?
cornflakes baked potatoes white rice
Which of the following foods have a high glycemic index?
raw apples carrots spaghetti fat-free milk peanuts
Which of the following foods have a low glycemic index?
obesity
Which of the following health conditions are linked to a very high sugar diet?
150 mg/dl
At what initial level are triglyceride levels considered to be to high?
polysaccharides
Both starch and glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together and are thus types of ___________.
- high blood pressure - large waist circumference - high fasting blood glucose
Choose all of the following signs that are linked to metabolic syndrome.
false
T/F: Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials.
hyperglycemia
When an individual's blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed as having
amylopectin
Which of the following is not considered a fiber?
fiber tends to be "filling" resulting in lower calorie intake
Which of the following is true about a high fiber intake?
Research does not indicate that sugar increases a childs risk for hyperactivity (ADHD)
Which of the following is true about sugar and hyperactivity?
Type 2 diabetes
Which of the following patients may or may not require the use of insulin?
vision changes
a person with a newly diagnosed often complains of
ketone bodies
chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown