Chapter 5 History Study Guide

Tax Money Distribution

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Boston Tea Party

A group of colonists dressed like Native Americans sunk on board three tea ships and destroyed 342 chests of tea. The British reaction to the Boston Tea Party would fan the flames of rebellion in the 13 colonies.

Abigail Adams

Abigail Adams was the wife of John Adams, the first Vice President, and second President, of the United States. She told John Adams to remember the women and how important they were when he was in congress.

Lexington

At dawn the redcoats approached Lexington. They discovered about 70 minutemen who had been alerted by Revere and Dawes. 700 troops arrived against 70 militia men. British told them to put down their muskets. A shot was fired, and then both sides exchanged bullets.8 militia men died within seconds. Then the British marched to Concord to destroy the supplies

Redcoats

British army. They wore redcoats. Also called lobster backs.

Coercive Acts

British decided to punish the colonists [Boston Tea Party]. The British called them the Coercive Acts, but they were so harsh the colonists called them Intolerable Acts.

Daughters of Liberty

Consisted of women who displayed their loyalty by participating in boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Townshend Acts. Using their feminine skills of the time, they made homespun cloth and other goods. The Daughters of Liberty were very important to the colonists. They helped them make their clothes as well as homemade products when they boycotted British products.

Parliament

Great Britains law making body

Continental Congress

In 1774, 55 delegates from all the colonies except Georgia arrived in Philadelphia. They had come to establish a political body to represent American interests and challenge British control. They called the new. Sam and John Adams, John Jay, Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, and George Washington all meant. They voted to boycott British trade.

Thomas Paine

In 1776, Thomas Paine published a pamphlet called Common Sense. Pain called for complete independence. Common Sense greatly influenced opinion throughout the colonies.

The Midnight Ride

In 17775, Dr. Joseph Warren walked the streets of Boston looking for anything unusual by the British army. He saw a regiment form ranks in Boston Common and began to march out of the city. Warren rushed to alert Paul Revere and William Dawes, members of the sons of liberty. The two rode to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock that the British were coming. Then, Adams was ready to fight for Independence.

Townshend Act

It placed taxes on imports of various goods brought into the colonies. [Glass, paper, paint, lead, tea] British would go into houses with search horns to look for smuggled goods.

Proclamation Act

It states that the new lands to the west are off limits. Why is the Ohio River Valley off limits? Britain fought an expensive war with France. Having been victorious, they wanted to keep their Native American allies happy to prevent further conflict. They wanted peace with the Natives, and so they decided the lands west of the Appalachians were off limit. {Treaty of Paris booted out the French}

John Adams

John supported the Sons of Liberty cause but wanted to show that the colonists followed the rule of the law. [He saw where they were coming from, but didn't want them to break the law.] John also told Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence because John said that he, himself was obnoxious, unpopular, and no one liked him. He said that Jefferson was the opposite, so he should write it.

2nd Continental Congress

May 1775, the Second Continental Congress assembled for the first time. It would be another year before John Adams would ask Thomas Jefferson to write the Declaration of Independence. John and Sam Adams Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and George Washington all attended. The 2nd continental congress began to govern the colonies. It authorized the printing of money and set up a post office with Ben Franklin in charge. The congress also created the Continental Army to fight against Britain in a more organized way than the colonial militias could. George Washington would be the army's commander. The congress then sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George 111. It assured the king of the colonists' desire for peace and asked him to protect the colonists' rights. King refused to receive the petition; instead he prepared for war, hiring more than 30,000 german troops to fight beside British troops.

Quartering Act

New law passed by King George lll. The colonists were required to house and feed British soldiers along with providing them with supplies. [clothes, food, etc.]

Battle at Bunker Hill

On June 16, 1775, about 12000 militiamen under the command of Colonel William Prescott set up fortifications at Bunker Hill and bearby Breed's Hill. The British decided to drive the Americans from their strategic locations overlooking the city. The next day the redcoats assembled at the bottom of Breeds Hill. Colonel Prescott said, "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes," The Americans opened fire, and the British charged. In the end the Americans ran out of gunpowder and had to withdraw. British won but suffered heavy losses-- more than 1,000 dead and wounded.

Boston Massacre

On March 5, 1770, fight broke out between Bostonians and the soldiers. The angry townspeople grabbed sticks, stones, and clubs. The crowd threw their weapons at the soldiers. After one soldier was knocked down, the nervous redcoats fired, killing 5 colonists.

Patrick Henry

Patrick Henry was an American attorney, planter and politician who became known as an orator during the movement for independence in Virginia in the 1770s. A Founding Father, he served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia. Henry led the opposition to the Stamp Act of 1765. He is regarded as one of the most influential champions of Republicanism and an invested promoter of the American Revolution and its fight for independence. He did not think the war would be short and fast. He thought it would be long and drawn out. He was in favor of breaking away from Britain "Give me liberty or give me death." March 1775

Paul Revere

Rode to Lexington to warn that the British were coming. Paul was an American silversmith, early industrialist, and a patriot in the American Revolution. He is most famous for alerting the Colonial militia to the approach of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord

Samuel Adams

Samuel Adams was the driving force behind the protest of colonists boycotting British imported goods and worked harder to weave own cloth and make own goods. He created the Sons of Liberty. He said, "We will destroy every soldier that dares put his foot on shore... I look upon them as foreign enemies." Samuel urged colonists to continue to resist British controls.

Stamp Act

Stamp Act was a tax that required legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp. Britain needed more money because were in debt from the wars

Sugar Act

Sugar Act was a tax placed on sugar, molasses, and other products shipped to the colonies. Britain needed more money because they were in debt from the wars.

Sons of Liberty

The Sons of Liberty was an organization of American patriots. Samuel Adams helped start it. The group was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to protest the stamp act. They are best known for undertaking the Boston Tea Party in 1773 in reaction to the Tea Act, which led to the Intolerable Acts (an intense crackdown by the British government), and a counter-mobilization by the Patriots.

Tea Act

The colonial boycott was effective, and Parliament had proposed to repeal the Townshend Acts. Parliament kept the tax for tea. It was very popular, people drink it a lot in Great Britain. & Great Britain still wanted to have some control. In 1773, Tea was very popular in the colonies, but much of it was smuggled in from Holland. The tea would arrive in the colonies only in the trading company's ships and be sold there by its merchants. Colonists who had not been paying any tax on smuggled tea would now have to pay a tax on this regulated tea. This enraged the colonial shippers and merchants. This was unfair to the colonial merchants because the act let the company sell tea directly to shopkeepers and bypass colonial merchants who normally distrubuted the tea.

General Gage

Thomas Gage was a British general. He had instructions to take away the weapons of the Massachusetts militia and arrest the leaders. General Gage learned that a militia, group of armed civilians, was storing arms and ammunition in Concord. Gage also heard Sam Adams and John Hancock were in Lexington. Gage had them arrested and destroyed the supplies.

Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson was selected to write the declaration. The declaration declared its independence from British rule. It declared them as a new nation. Congress approved Jefferson's draft with a few changes on July 4, 1776. 12 colonies voted for it. NY did not vote but later announced its support.

Concord

When the British arrived to Concord, they found out that most of the militia's gunpowder was already removed. They destroyed the remaining supplies. Messengers on horseback had spread the word of the British movements. Farmers, blacksmiths, and clerks hid behind trees and stone fences. As the British marched down the road, the militia fired. By the time the redcoats reached Boston, at least 174 were wounded and 73 were dead.

William Dawes

William Dawes, a member of the Sons of Liberty, rode to Lexington with Paul Revere to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock that the British were coming. 1 lantern meant that the British were coming by land. 2 lanterns meant that the British were coming by sea.