Chapter 5 Integumentary System
The dermis is comprised primarily of ______ tissue.
connective tissue
The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is located ______ to the dermis.
deep
The reticular layer of the dermis may best be described as ______.
dense irregular connective tissue
Cells in the stratum spinosum are nourished by blood vessels located in the ______.
dermis
The connective tissue layer immediately deep to the epidermis is the ______.
dermis
Apocrine sweat glands ______ body temperature in humans.
do not help regulate (they respond to stress)
Body temperature regulation is a function of the _____ glands.
eccrine
The specific type of glands located on the palms of hands as well as most other areas of the body are ____________ sweat glands.
eccrine
The dermis consists of two zones. The more superficial is the __________ layer and the deeper is the _____________ layer.
Blank 1: papillary Blank 2: reticular
The stratum ____________ is the most superficial layer of the epidermis and is composed of about 25 layers of dead keratinized cells.
Corneum
Which label (A-E) indicates the stratum spinosum?
D (A = stratum corneum, B = stratum lucidum, C = stratum granulosum, D = stratum spinous, E = stratum basale)
Select all that apply Identify all of the statements that describe granules of keratohyalin.
Do not degenerate as the cell is pushed towards the stratum corneum and Are proteins that give structural support to the epidermis
Select all that apply Indicate the functions of the sweat produced by the eccrine glands of the skin.
Evaporative cooling of the body Waste elimination
True or false: The epidermis is composed of keratinized simple squamous epithelium.
False
Select all that apply Indicate the areas of the body that contain apocrine sweat glands.
Genitalia Axillae Anus
Exposure to sunlight leads to which of the following?
Increased melanin production and darkening of the skin
Describe the effect of UV exposure on the skin.
Increased melanin synthesis
Match the cells of the epidermis with the correct function.
Keratinocyte ---- Reduce water loss Melanocyte ---- Promote skin color Langerhans cells ---- Immune cells Merkel cells ----- Detect touch and pressure
What do Langerhans cells do?
Langerhans cells are the immune cells, whereas melanocytes produce melanin.
The deposition of which of the following substances is primarily responsible for the color of the skin, hair and eyes?
Melanin
Which cells produce the brown to black pigment found in skin?
Melanocytes
What do Merkel cells do?
Merkel cells are responsible for detecting light touch, whereas melanocytes produce melanin.
Sebaceous glands produce secretion that is characterized as which of the following?
Oily
Select all that apply Indicate the areas that contain eccrine sweat glands.
Palms Soles Axillae
What are the two zones of the dermis?
Papillary and reticular layer
Which of these layers is the deepest layer?
Reticular layer
Name the oily component of the secretion of the sebaceous glands.
Sebum
What specific type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Various shades of brown pigmentation in the skin result from which of the following?
The production of melanin by melanocytes
Why is intact skin extremely resistant to penetration and abrasion?
The stratum corneum is a thick layer of keratinized dead cells.
The sweat glands are considered _______ skin structures.
accessory
Subcutaneous tissue is composed of ______. Select all that apply.
adipose tissue and loose connective tissue
The presence of keratin and the many layers of dead cells found in the stratum corneum are significant because they ______.
allow the skin to resist abrasion and penetration
The glands located primarily in the axillae and around the genitalia are _______________sweat glands.
apocrine
At puberty, sex hormones activate _____ glands.
apocrine sweat
The highest rate of cell division in the epidermis occurs within the stratum____________
basale
The layer of the epidermis resting directly upon the dermis is the stratum ____________?
basale
Apocrine sweat glands become active ______.
beginning at puberty
A yellowish pigment found in plants is ______.
carotene
The cells in the most superficial layer of the skin are dead because _______.
cells die as they move away from their nutrient supply in the dermis
The epidermis is composed of _____ tissue.
epithelial
When body temperature starts to rise above normal, the eccrine sweat glands produce sweat which:
evaporates and cools the body
The layer deep to the dermis is the ______ layer.
hypodermis
The type of epithelium that makes up the epidermis is ______.
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What do keratinocytes do?
keratinocytes produce keratin, whereas mealanocytes produce melanin.
The granules in the cells of the stratum granulosum are made of ______.
keratohyalin
The component of skin that is the primary determinant of skin color is ______.
melanin
Cells of the epidermis that produce the pigment responsible for skin color are ______.
melanocytes
The papillary layer of the dermis is the ______ dermal layer and is composed of ______.
most superficial, loose connective tissue
The most superficial dermal layer is the _______ layer.
papillary
Carotene is found in ______.
plants
Ultimately, all of the epidermal cells originate from ______.
stem cells in the stratum basale
All epidermal cells originate from stem cells located within the _______.
stratum basale
The deepest layer of the epidermis is the ______.
stratum basale
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.
stratum corneum
Place the layers of the epidermis in order from deepest to most superficial.
1. Stratum basale 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum corneum
Indicate the layer of the epidermis with the highest rate of mitotic division.
Stratum basale
Identify the epidermal layer indicated by letter A.
Stratum granulosum
Adipose is one of the primary components of which layer?
Subcutaneous
Identify the accessory skin structures. Select all that apply.
Sweat glands Nails Hair
