Chapter 5 Integumentary System

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The dermis is comprised primarily of ______ tissue.

connective tissue

The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is located ______ to the dermis.

deep

The reticular layer of the dermis may best be described as ______.

dense irregular connective tissue

Cells in the stratum spinosum are nourished by blood vessels located in the ______.

dermis

The connective tissue layer immediately deep to the epidermis is the ______.

dermis

Apocrine sweat glands ______ body temperature in humans.

do not help regulate (they respond to stress)

Body temperature regulation is a function of the _____ glands.

eccrine

The specific type of glands located on the palms of hands as well as most other areas of the body are ____________ sweat glands.

eccrine

The dermis consists of two zones. The more superficial is the __________ layer and the deeper is the _____________ layer.

Blank 1: papillary Blank 2: reticular

The stratum ____________ is the most superficial layer of the epidermis and is composed of about 25 layers of dead keratinized cells.

Corneum

Which label (A-E) indicates the stratum spinosum?

D (A = stratum corneum, B = stratum lucidum, C = stratum granulosum, D = stratum spinous, E = stratum basale)

Select all that apply Identify all of the statements that describe granules of keratohyalin.

Do not degenerate as the cell is pushed towards the stratum corneum and Are proteins that give structural support to the epidermis

Select all that apply Indicate the functions of the sweat produced by the eccrine glands of the skin.

Evaporative cooling of the body Waste elimination

True or false: The epidermis is composed of keratinized simple squamous epithelium.

False

Select all that apply Indicate the areas of the body that contain apocrine sweat glands.

Genitalia Axillae Anus

Exposure to sunlight leads to which of the following?

Increased melanin production and darkening of the skin

Describe the effect of UV exposure on the skin.

Increased melanin synthesis

Match the cells of the epidermis with the correct function.

Keratinocyte ---- Reduce water loss Melanocyte ---- Promote skin color Langerhans cells ---- Immune cells Merkel cells ----- Detect touch and pressure

What do Langerhans cells do?

Langerhans cells are the immune cells, whereas melanocytes produce melanin.

The deposition of which of the following substances is primarily responsible for the color of the skin, hair and eyes?

Melanin

Which cells produce the brown to black pigment found in skin?

Melanocytes

What do Merkel cells do?

Merkel cells are responsible for detecting light touch, whereas melanocytes produce melanin.

Sebaceous glands produce secretion that is characterized as which of the following?

Oily

Select all that apply Indicate the areas that contain eccrine sweat glands.

Palms Soles Axillae

What are the two zones of the dermis?

Papillary and reticular layer

Which of these layers is the deepest layer?

Reticular layer

Name the oily component of the secretion of the sebaceous glands.

Sebum

What specific type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Various shades of brown pigmentation in the skin result from which of the following?

The production of melanin by melanocytes

Why is intact skin extremely resistant to penetration and abrasion?

The stratum corneum is a thick layer of keratinized dead cells.

The sweat glands are considered _______ skin structures.

accessory

Subcutaneous tissue is composed of ______. Select all that apply.

adipose tissue and loose connective tissue

The presence of keratin and the many layers of dead cells found in the stratum corneum are significant because they ______.

allow the skin to resist abrasion and penetration

The glands located primarily in the axillae and around the genitalia are _______________sweat glands.

apocrine

At puberty, sex hormones activate _____ glands.

apocrine sweat

The highest rate of cell division in the epidermis occurs within the stratum____________

basale

The layer of the epidermis resting directly upon the dermis is the stratum ____________?

basale

Apocrine sweat glands become active ______.

beginning at puberty

A yellowish pigment found in plants is ______.

carotene

The cells in the most superficial layer of the skin are dead because _______.

cells die as they move away from their nutrient supply in the dermis

The epidermis is composed of _____ tissue.

epithelial

When body temperature starts to rise above normal, the eccrine sweat glands produce sweat which:

evaporates and cools the body

The layer deep to the dermis is the ______ layer.

hypodermis

The type of epithelium that makes up the epidermis is ______.

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What do keratinocytes do?

keratinocytes produce keratin, whereas mealanocytes produce melanin.

The granules in the cells of the stratum granulosum are made of ______.

keratohyalin

The component of skin that is the primary determinant of skin color is ______.

melanin

Cells of the epidermis that produce the pigment responsible for skin color are ______.

melanocytes

The papillary layer of the dermis is the ______ dermal layer and is composed of ______.

most superficial, loose connective tissue

The most superficial dermal layer is the _______ layer.

papillary

Carotene is found in ______.

plants

Ultimately, all of the epidermal cells originate from ______.

stem cells in the stratum basale

All epidermal cells originate from stem cells located within the _______.

stratum basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the ______.

stratum basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.

stratum corneum

Place the layers of the epidermis in order from deepest to most superficial.

1. Stratum basale 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum corneum

Indicate the layer of the epidermis with the highest rate of mitotic division.

Stratum basale

Identify the epidermal layer indicated by letter A.

Stratum granulosum

Adipose is one of the primary components of which layer?

Subcutaneous

Identify the accessory skin structures. Select all that apply.

Sweat glands Nails Hair


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