Chapter 5

what is the process that describes taking over words from other languages? example?

Borrowing ex- borrowed many culinary terms from France-- sauté; german-- pretzel, Tahitian-- tattoo; piano-- Italian

what is the process that reduces a word of more than one syllable to a shorter form? Example?

Clipping-- ex- gasoline --> gas; Thomas --> Tom

what WFP describes new words formed from the initial letters of other words? examples?

acronyms-- CD (compact disk), VCR, SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus), ATM (automatic teller machine)

WFP that describes forming words that are similar to other words? examples?

analogy-- "yuppie" via "hippie" "software" via "hardware" "underwhelm" via "overwhelm"

a reduction process in which a word of one type is reduced to form a word of another type. (noun --> verb). examples?

backformation-- babysitter --> babysit; teacher--> teach

the word "velcro" is an example of what process?

blending

what is the process of combining parts of two words to make a new word? example?

blending-- breakfast+lunch= brunch; smoke+fog=smog

what process is calque apart of?

borrowing

what processes has the word deli undergone?

borrowing (german) and clipping (delicatessen)

what are affixes?

bound morphemes such as "un"(prefix) or "ism" (suffix) un, mis, ism, full, pre, less, ish, full etc. or infixes (not normally used in english)

perros calientes is an examples of what?

calque-- direct translation for hot dog.

direct translation into the elements of the words into the borrowing language

calque/loan translation

what is the word formation process that describes the invention of totally new words?

coinage ex-- saying kleenex instead of tissue; vaseline instead of petroleum jelly

what are the processes in which new words are created?

coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, clipping, backformation, conversion, acronyms, analogy and derivation.

what is the process that describes the joining of two separate words to form a new one? example?

compounding -- bookcase, textbook

what process describes a change in the function of the word without any reduction (noun <--> verb) and (adj. <--> verb) ? examples?

conversion-- butter --> buttered; down--> downed "we downed a few beers" he's a cheat-- cheat(verb) --> noun

what WFP is described as forming new words by means of affixes examples?

derivation --unhappy, joyful, boyish, mislead, disrespectful

what are new words based on the name of a person or place? examples? what word formation process is it apart of?

eponyms- leotard, maverick, Hoover (vacuum), sandwich, guillotine eponyms are apart of coinage

the study of the origin and the history of a word

etymology

which two languages are rich in compounding?

german and english

a word formation process in which a longer word is reduced to a shorter form with "i.e." or "y" at the end (typically British or Australian)

hypocorism -- "barbie" = barbecue; "movie" = moving pictures; "telly" = television

what is an affix incorporated into another word? examples? what WFP is this apart of?

infix-- Hallebloodylujah, unbe****inglievable, Loas-- toh( to chisel) --> trnoh (a chisel) ***derivation word process

what is the most popular WFP in english? least?

most pop. is derivation; least pop. is coinage

a new word is called?

neologism