Chapter 5 Practice Questions

storage area for yellow marrow in adults

medullary cavity

Which of these bones is the most inferior? A. Coccyx B. Sacrum C. Axis D. Lumbar vertebrae E. Atlas

A. Coccyx

Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? A. calcitriol B. thyroid hormones C. calcitonin D. parathyroid hormone (PTH)

C. calcitonin

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels? A. parathyroid hormone (PTH) B. calcitonin C. calcitriol

C. calcitriol

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?) A. stimulates increased osteoclast activity B. increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney C. stimulates increased osteoblast activity

C. stimulates increased osteoblast activity

Select the correct match between the hormone and its function. A. Thyroid hormone, increases blood calcium levels. B. Parathyroid hormone, decreases blood calcium levels. C. Estrogen, increases blood calcium levels. D. Growth hormone, epiphyseal plate closure. E. Estrogen, epiphyseal plate closure.

E. Estrogen, epiphyseal plate closure.

What will decrease a person's risk for development of the bone-thinning disease known as osteoporosis? A. Lack of vitamin D B. Loss of estrogen in females who are post-menopausal C. Diet poor in calcium and protein D. Smoking E. Weight-bearing exercises

E. Weight-bearing exercises

A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a ________. a. compound fracture b. comminuted fracture c. compression fracture d. greenstick fracture e. simple fracture

b. comminuted fracture

The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________. a. irregular bones b. long bones c. sesamoid bones d. flat bones e. compact bones

b. long bones

The process of bone formation is known as ________. a. metabolism b. ossification c. hematopoiesis d. hemostasis

b. ossification

Which of these is a function of the skeletal system? a. communication system b. storage site for calcium c. creation of the structural framework within soft organs of the body d. removal of old or damaged blood cells

b. storage site for calcium

Small channels that radiate through the matrix of compact bone

canaliculi

An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children. a. spiral b. greenstick c. impacted d. comminuted

b. greenstick

What is the function of red bone marrow? a. mineral storage b. fat storage c. blood cell formation d. glucose storage

c. blood cell formation

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________. a. bone is dead b. bone diameter is decreasing c. bone length is increasing d. bone length is no longer increasing e. bone diameter is increasing

c. bone length is increasing

What does collagen provide as a component of bone? a. resistance to compression b. elasticity c. flexibility d. brittleness e. hardness

c. flexibility

During soccer practice, Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke and the broken ends were forced into each other. Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture. a. compression b. comminuted c. impacted d. spiral

c. impacted

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

osteoclasts

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

What are amphiarthroses joints? Give one example.

slightly moveable joints (pelvis)

A cell that releases calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels. A. Osteoclast B. Osteoblast C. Osteocyte

A. Osteoclast

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates this type of cell. A. Osteoclast B. Osteoblast C. Osteocyte

A. Osteoclast

What part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone? A.Head B.Patellar surface C. Greater trochanter D.Linea aspera E.Surgical neck

A.Head

What are the two main components of the extracellular matrix of bone? A. Calcium salts and elastic fibers B. Collagen fibers and bone cells C. Calcium salts and collagen fibers D. Bone cells and calcium salts E. Bone cells and elastic fibers

C. Calcium salts and collagen fibers

During soccer practice, Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke and the broken ends were forced into each other. Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture. A.comminuted B. compression C. spiral D. impacted

D. impacted

Julie fell off her horse and dislocated her right shoulder. The primary treatment to resolve this injury is __________. A. remodeling B. pain-relieving drugs C. bed rest D. reduction

D. reduction

Hasan is a three-year-old boy who lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is small for his age, has bowed legs, exhibits muscle weakness, and complains often of pain in his bones. Hasan most likely has __________. A. scoliosis B. osteoarthritis C. kyphosis D. rickets

D. rickets

What is housed in a lacuna of compact bone tissue? A. Lamellae B. An osteoclast C. Collagen fibers D. An osteon E. An osteocyte

E. An osteocyte

What bones protect the spinal cord? a. coxal bones b. vertebrae c. sternum d. ribs

b. vertebrae

What does the prefix meta- mean?

between, along, after

What does the prefix osteo- mean?

bone

What does the prefix amphi- mean?

both

Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are examples of ________. a. cartilaginous joints b. fibrous joints c. synovial joints d. amphiarthroses e. synarthroses

c. synovial joints

Which of these bones is associated with the hand? a. calcaneus b. tarsals c. metatarsals d. metacarpals e. talus

d. metacarpals

Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton? a. radius b. femur c. scapula d. sternum e. metatarsals

d. sternum

Which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton? a. coxal bone b. clavicle c. scapula d. sternum

d. sternum

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints? a. yellow marrow b. spongy bone c. periosteum d. endosteum e. articular cartilage

e. articular cartilage

Which two bones constitute the forearm? a. fibula and tibia b. humerus and scapula c. femur and fibula d. radius and humerus e. ulna and radius

e. ulna and radius

What are diarthroses joints? Give one example.

freely moveable joints (knee)

What are synarthroses joints? Give one example.

immovable joints (skull)

Layers or rings of calcification that are found in compact bone

lamellae

Cells that can build bony matrix

osteoblasts

A cell that stores calcium in bone by making new bone matrix. A. Osteoclast B. Osteoblast C. Osteocyte

B. Osteoblast

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone? A. thyroid hormones B. calcitriol C. calcitonin D. vitamin D

B. calcitriol

What is a mature bone cell trapped in bone matrix? A. Osteoclast B. Osteoblast C. Osteocyte

C. Osteocyte

What step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones? a. A bony collar forms. b. The medullary cavity is formed. c. Cartilage is digested away. d. Appositional growth occurs.

a. A bony collar forms.

What does the prefix malle- mean?

hammer

What does the prefix syn- mean?

together

Identify the correct description of the different types of bones: A.Spongy bone is made of trabeculae and is lighter than compact bone. B. Spongy bone is made of osteons and is less dense than compact bone. C. Compact bone provides support at areas where stress occurs. D. Spongy bone is structurally stronger than compact bone. E. Compact bone is made of trabeculae and is denser than spongy bone.

A.Spongy bone is made of trabeculae and is lighter than compact bone.

Select the correct order of events that occur during the embryonic and fetal stages of the long bone development observed during the audio tour: A. Formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of a bone collar, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, replacement of cartilage by bone in the proximal and distal epiphyses. B. Formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of a bone collar, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, replacement of cartilage by bone in the diaphysis. C. Formation of a bone collar, formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, replacement of cartilage by bone in the diaphysis. D.Formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, formation of a bone collar, replacement of cartilage by bone in the diaphysis. Submit

B. Formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of a bone collar, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, replacement of cartilage by bone in the diaphysis.

What type of joint is characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, ligaments, and articular cartilage with an articular capsule? A. Cartilaginous joints B. Synovial joint C. Amphiarthroses D. Synarthroses E. Fibrous joints

B. Synovial joint

The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________. A. occipital condyle B. foramen magnum C. vertebral foramen D. intervertebral foramen

B. foramen magnum

Which of these allow nutrients to diffuse from the central canal to all the osteocytes within an osteon? a. canaliculi b. perforating canals c. lacunae d. lamellae

a. canaliculi

From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae? a. cervical, thoracic, lumbar b. sacral, cervical, lumbar c. cervical, lumbar, thoracic d. lumbar, thoracic, cervical

a. cervical, thoracic, lumbar

What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint? a. joint cavity b. epiphyseal plate c. fibrous connective tissue d. fibrocartilage

a. joint cavity

Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________. a. synarthroses b. amphiarthroses c. symphyses d. diarthroses

a. synarthroses