Chapter 5 Practice Questions
storage area for yellow marrow in adults
medullary cavity
Which of these bones is the most inferior? A. Coccyx B. Sacrum C. Axis D. Lumbar vertebrae E. Atlas
A. Coccyx
Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? A. calcitriol B. thyroid hormones C. calcitonin D. parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. calcitonin
Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels? A. parathyroid hormone (PTH) B. calcitonin C. calcitriol
C. calcitriol
Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?) A. stimulates increased osteoclast activity B. increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney C. stimulates increased osteoblast activity
C. stimulates increased osteoblast activity
Select the correct match between the hormone and its function. A. Thyroid hormone, increases blood calcium levels. B. Parathyroid hormone, decreases blood calcium levels. C. Estrogen, increases blood calcium levels. D. Growth hormone, epiphyseal plate closure. E. Estrogen, epiphyseal plate closure.
E. Estrogen, epiphyseal plate closure.
What will decrease a person's risk for development of the bone-thinning disease known as osteoporosis? A. Lack of vitamin D B. Loss of estrogen in females who are post-menopausal C. Diet poor in calcium and protein D. Smoking E. Weight-bearing exercises
E. Weight-bearing exercises
A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a ________. a. compound fracture b. comminuted fracture c. compression fracture d. greenstick fracture e. simple fracture
b. comminuted fracture
The femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are all classified as ________. a. irregular bones b. long bones c. sesamoid bones d. flat bones e. compact bones
b. long bones
The process of bone formation is known as ________. a. metabolism b. ossification c. hematopoiesis d. hemostasis
b. ossification
Which of these is a function of the skeletal system? a. communication system b. storage site for calcium c. creation of the structural framework within soft organs of the body d. removal of old or damaged blood cells
b. storage site for calcium
Small channels that radiate through the matrix of compact bone
canaliculi
An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ________ fracture, is commonly seen in children. a. spiral b. greenstick c. impacted d. comminuted
b. greenstick
What is the function of red bone marrow? a. mineral storage b. fat storage c. blood cell formation d. glucose storage
c. blood cell formation
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that ________. a. bone is dead b. bone diameter is decreasing c. bone length is increasing d. bone length is no longer increasing e. bone diameter is increasing
c. bone length is increasing
What does collagen provide as a component of bone? a. resistance to compression b. elasticity c. flexibility d. brittleness e. hardness
c. flexibility
During soccer practice, Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke and the broken ends were forced into each other. Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture. a. compression b. comminuted c. impacted d. spiral
c. impacted
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix
osteoclasts
What is the axial skeleton composed of?
skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
What are amphiarthroses joints? Give one example.
slightly moveable joints (pelvis)
A cell that releases calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels. A. Osteoclast B. Osteoblast C. Osteocyte
A. Osteoclast
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates this type of cell. A. Osteoclast B. Osteoblast C. Osteocyte
A. Osteoclast
What part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone? A.Head B.Patellar surface C. Greater trochanter D.Linea aspera E.Surgical neck
A.Head
What are the two main components of the extracellular matrix of bone? A. Calcium salts and elastic fibers B. Collagen fibers and bone cells C. Calcium salts and collagen fibers D. Bone cells and calcium salts E. Bone cells and elastic fibers
C. Calcium salts and collagen fibers
During soccer practice, Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke and the broken ends were forced into each other. Sadie suffered a(n) __________ fracture. A.comminuted B. compression C. spiral D. impacted
D. impacted
Julie fell off her horse and dislocated her right shoulder. The primary treatment to resolve this injury is __________. A. remodeling B. pain-relieving drugs C. bed rest D. reduction
D. reduction
Hasan is a three-year-old boy who lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is small for his age, has bowed legs, exhibits muscle weakness, and complains often of pain in his bones. Hasan most likely has __________. A. scoliosis B. osteoarthritis C. kyphosis D. rickets
D. rickets
What is housed in a lacuna of compact bone tissue? A. Lamellae B. An osteoclast C. Collagen fibers D. An osteon E. An osteocyte
E. An osteocyte
What bones protect the spinal cord? a. coxal bones b. vertebrae c. sternum d. ribs
b. vertebrae
What does the prefix meta- mean?
between, along, after
What does the prefix osteo- mean?
bone
What does the prefix amphi- mean?
both
Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are examples of ________. a. cartilaginous joints b. fibrous joints c. synovial joints d. amphiarthroses e. synarthroses
c. synovial joints
Which of these bones is associated with the hand? a. calcaneus b. tarsals c. metatarsals d. metacarpals e. talus
d. metacarpals
Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton? a. radius b. femur c. scapula d. sternum e. metatarsals
d. sternum
Which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton? a. coxal bone b. clavicle c. scapula d. sternum
d. sternum
What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints? a. yellow marrow b. spongy bone c. periosteum d. endosteum e. articular cartilage
e. articular cartilage
Which two bones constitute the forearm? a. fibula and tibia b. humerus and scapula c. femur and fibula d. radius and humerus e. ulna and radius
e. ulna and radius
What are diarthroses joints? Give one example.
freely moveable joints (knee)
What are synarthroses joints? Give one example.
immovable joints (skull)
Layers or rings of calcification that are found in compact bone
lamellae
Cells that can build bony matrix
osteoblasts
A cell that stores calcium in bone by making new bone matrix. A. Osteoclast B. Osteoblast C. Osteocyte
B. Osteoblast
PTH promotes the formation of which hormone? A. thyroid hormones B. calcitriol C. calcitonin D. vitamin D
B. calcitriol
What is a mature bone cell trapped in bone matrix? A. Osteoclast B. Osteoblast C. Osteocyte
C. Osteocyte
What step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones? a. A bony collar forms. b. The medullary cavity is formed. c. Cartilage is digested away. d. Appositional growth occurs.
a. A bony collar forms.
What does the prefix malle- mean?
hammer
What does the prefix syn- mean?
together
Identify the correct description of the different types of bones: A.Spongy bone is made of trabeculae and is lighter than compact bone. B. Spongy bone is made of osteons and is less dense than compact bone. C. Compact bone provides support at areas where stress occurs. D. Spongy bone is structurally stronger than compact bone. E. Compact bone is made of trabeculae and is denser than spongy bone.
A.Spongy bone is made of trabeculae and is lighter than compact bone.
Select the correct order of events that occur during the embryonic and fetal stages of the long bone development observed during the audio tour: A. Formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of a bone collar, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, replacement of cartilage by bone in the proximal and distal epiphyses. B. Formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of a bone collar, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, replacement of cartilage by bone in the diaphysis. C. Formation of a bone collar, formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, replacement of cartilage by bone in the diaphysis. D.Formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, formation of a bone collar, replacement of cartilage by bone in the diaphysis. Submit
B. Formation of bone model made of hyaline cartilage, formation of a bone collar, formation of small cavities and invasion of blood vessels, replacement of cartilage by bone in the diaphysis.
What type of joint is characterized by the presence of a joint cavity, ligaments, and articular cartilage with an articular capsule? A. Cartilaginous joints B. Synovial joint C. Amphiarthroses D. Synarthroses E. Fibrous joints
B. Synovial joint
The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________. A. occipital condyle B. foramen magnum C. vertebral foramen D. intervertebral foramen
B. foramen magnum
Which of these allow nutrients to diffuse from the central canal to all the osteocytes within an osteon? a. canaliculi b. perforating canals c. lacunae d. lamellae
a. canaliculi
From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae? a. cervical, thoracic, lumbar b. sacral, cervical, lumbar c. cervical, lumbar, thoracic d. lumbar, thoracic, cervical
a. cervical, thoracic, lumbar
What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint? a. joint cavity b. epiphyseal plate c. fibrous connective tissue d. fibrocartilage
a. joint cavity
Immovable joints are functionally classified as ________. a. synarthroses b. amphiarthroses c. symphyses d. diarthroses
a. synarthroses