Chapter 5 Section 1~Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions
extensibility
ability to be stretched
contractility
ability to contract or shorten
irritability
ability to respond to a stimulus
skeletal muscle
attach to bones, are largely responsible for body movements (voluntary muscle), has cross strips in muscle tissue, multinucleated
which nervous system controls smooth muscle
autonomic nervous system
fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
tension and types of skeletal muscle contraction (five)
concentric, eccentric, agonist, antagonist, isometric
perimysium
connective tissue sheath that envelops each primary bundle of muscle fibers
eccentric
contraction accompanied by lengthening of a muscle
sarcolemma
delicate membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber
four behavioral characteristics
extensibility, elasticity, contractility, irritability
endomysium
fine, protective sheath of connective tissue around a skeletal muscle fiber
aponeurosis
flat, sheetlike fibrous tissue that connects muscle or bone to other tissues
muscle fiber
individual skeletal muscle cell
smooth muscle
involuntary, have a single nucleus, are small and spindle shaped
how is smooth muscle arranged
layers, one layer runs lengthwise, the other surrounding the organ in which the muscles are contained
cardiac muscle
located solely in walls of heart, branched, cross-striated, involuntary, controlled by autonomic nervous system, arranged in interconnected network of figure eight or spiral shaped bundles that join at structures called intercalated discs, allows contraction that produces heartbeat, one nucleus
epimysium
outermost sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle
antagonist
role played by a skeletal muscle acting to slow or stop a movement
agonist
role played by a skeletal muscle to cause a movement
components of skeletal muscle
sarcolemma, endomysium, perimysium, fascicle, epimysium, aponeurosis
muscle functions
skeletal muscle contraction, behavioral properties, production of heat
three major categories of muscle fibers
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
other names for skeletal muscle
striated muscle, voluntary muscle
isometric
type of contraction that involves no change in muscle length
concentric
type of contraction that results in shortening of a muscle
another name for smooth muscle
visceral muscle
where is smooth muscle found
walls of internal organs (stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, respiratory passageways)
peristalsis
wave of symmetrical squeezing of the digestive tract walls that occurs during digestion
