Chapter 5 Section 1~Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions

extensibility

ability to be stretched

contractility

ability to contract or shorten

irritability

ability to respond to a stimulus

skeletal muscle

attach to bones, are largely responsible for body movements (voluntary muscle), has cross strips in muscle tissue, multinucleated

which nervous system controls smooth muscle

autonomic nervous system

fascicle

bundle of muscle fibers

tension and types of skeletal muscle contraction (five)

concentric, eccentric, agonist, antagonist, isometric

perimysium

connective tissue sheath that envelops each primary bundle of muscle fibers

eccentric

contraction accompanied by lengthening of a muscle

sarcolemma

delicate membrane surrounding each striated muscle fiber

four behavioral characteristics

extensibility, elasticity, contractility, irritability

endomysium

fine, protective sheath of connective tissue around a skeletal muscle fiber

aponeurosis

flat, sheetlike fibrous tissue that connects muscle or bone to other tissues

muscle fiber

individual skeletal muscle cell

smooth muscle

involuntary, have a single nucleus, are small and spindle shaped

how is smooth muscle arranged

layers, one layer runs lengthwise, the other surrounding the organ in which the muscles are contained

cardiac muscle

located solely in walls of heart, branched, cross-striated, involuntary, controlled by autonomic nervous system, arranged in interconnected network of figure eight or spiral shaped bundles that join at structures called intercalated discs, allows contraction that produces heartbeat, one nucleus

epimysium

outermost sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle

antagonist

role played by a skeletal muscle acting to slow or stop a movement

agonist

role played by a skeletal muscle to cause a movement

components of skeletal muscle

sarcolemma, endomysium, perimysium, fascicle, epimysium, aponeurosis

muscle functions

skeletal muscle contraction, behavioral properties, production of heat

three major categories of muscle fibers

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

other names for skeletal muscle

striated muscle, voluntary muscle

isometric

type of contraction that involves no change in muscle length

concentric

type of contraction that results in shortening of a muscle

another name for smooth muscle

visceral muscle

where is smooth muscle found

walls of internal organs (stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, respiratory passageways)

peristalsis

wave of symmetrical squeezing of the digestive tract walls that occurs during digestion