Chapter 5 Section 3
How many valence electrons does a group 1A metal atom have?
1
How does electron configuration notation designate?
It designates the principal energy level and energy sublevel associated with each of the atom's orbitals and includes a subscript representing the number of electrons in the orbital
Which is more stable? Low energy or high energy systems?
Low energy systems
The principle that states each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available is the
aufbau principle
What are valence electrons?
electrons in the atoms outermost orbitals; generally those orbitals associated with the atom's highest principal energy level
What are the two ways you can represent an atom's electron configuration?
orbital diagram and electron configuration notation
The valence orbitals in an atom are the
outermost orbitals
What does the Pauli exclusion principle state?
that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins.
What does the aufbau principle state?
that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available.
What is electron configuration?
the arrangement of electrons in an atom
What is electron configuration notation?
the arrangement of electrons in an element's atom
What does the element's symbol represent?
the atomic nucleus and inner level electrons
What do valence electrons determine?
the chemical properties of an element
What does an atom's electron dot structure consist of?
the element's symbol
How many electrons can an orbital contain?
2
What does Hund's rule state?
1. Every orbital in a sublevel is singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied. 2. All of the electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin (to maximize total spin).
How many electrons are in the highest energy p orbitals of a group 4A atom?
2
What is an electron dot structure?
An element symbol surrounded by dots representing its valence electrons.
What is the element's ground state electron configuration?
The most stable, lowest energy arrangement of the electrons in atoms of each element
A box containing both up and down arrows represent
a filled orbital
What is noble gas notation?
a method of representing electron configurations of noble gases using bracketed symbols
A box containing a single up arrow represents
an orbital with one electron
An empty box in a orbital diagram represents what
an unoccupied orbital
