Chapter 5 - Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Which of the following was a reported result of the research that followed the Amadou Diallo shooting
Trained officers were quicker to shoot an armed black person, then an armed white person
stereotype
a belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics
jigsaw classroom
a cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts
Social Dominace Orientation
a desire to see ones ingroup as dominate over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups
modern racism
a form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize
ambivalent sexism
a form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings
Karen divides her class into small, racially mix groups. Each student learns part of the assigned work, and then teach is it to others in the group. This procedure is an example of
a jigsaw classroom
subliminal presentation
a method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them
stereotype content model
a model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth
superordinate goal
a shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups
illusory correlation
an overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated
In the Robbers cave experiment, young boys came to dislike each other intensely after a period of
competing with each other
According to theories of modern racism, discrimination against Blacks is most likely to occur when it is
easy to rationalize
For Joel, being a part of the basketball team is very important. When asked to compare the basketball team to the football team, he states "we're a lot better than they are". According to social identity theory, this ingroup favoritism should make Joel
feel better about himself and the basketball team
Illusory correlations, attributions about men's and women's behavior, subtyping men and women who are not representative, and seeking information that supports one views are four ways in which
gender stereotypes endure
outgroups
groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity
ingroups
groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity
Tom is prejudiced against Blacks but doesn't admit it. He sees a Black store owner being robbed. Although he would ordinarily try to help in such emergencies, he does nothing. Tom's lack of action is an example of
modern racism
prejudice
negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups
sexism
prejudice and discrimination based on a person's gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender over another
Racism
prejudice and discrimination based on a person's racial background, or institutional/cultural practices that promote the domination of one race over another
implicit racism
racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally
Gender stereotypes result from expectations created by a sex-based division of the labor market, according to which theory?
social role
Frank thinks that all his instructors are windbags, but he also thinks that they are two kinds of instructors: those who are knowledgeable but unable to teach and those who don't know very much. Frank's classification of his instructors is an example of
subtyping
social categorization
the classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes
stereotype threat
the experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one's group
outgroup homogeneity effect
the tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups
contact hypothesis
the theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions
realistic conflict theory
the theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources
social identity theory
the theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem
social role theory
the theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women
group
two or more persons perceived as related because of their interactions, membership in the same category, or common fate
At the car dealership, Michele encountered ambivalent sexism when her new boss
Acted protectively towards the woman in his department, but devalued their work
Melanie describes himself as a "morning person". Her younger sister, Nicole describes herself as a "night person". When it comes to unconsciously using stereotypes, which of the following is probably true?
Melanie is more likely to do so in the evening where is Nicole is more likely to do so in the morning.
The blue and the red gang are having a dispute about who controls the turf around the vacant lot next to the high school. During this dispute, fighting between the two groups escalates. This result could be most easily predicted from
Realistic conflict theory
Social categorization and ingroup favoritism are the two processes that lead to
Stereotypes
Lisa thinks that women are more critical then men. At parties she is more likely to notice a sarcastic remark from a woman then from a man. Lisa's perceptions illustrate
The confirmation bias
Research on stereotype threat shows that stereotypes can
Undermine the academic performance of women and minorities
Stereotypes about men and women present
a kernel of the truth that is oversimplified and exaggerated
According to cross-cultural research, men are widely seen as more ________ than women
agressive
discrimination
behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group
relative deprivation
feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others
ingroup favoritism
the tendency to discriminate in favor of ingroups over outgroups
The cognitive capacity to process information carefully, and the motivation to be accurate are two factors that enable people to
Avoiding using stereotypes
Recent research on the measurement of modern racism shows that it
Can be with computer tasks without the respondents awareness
In one high school, students from the country have always fought with students from the city. In order to reduce this intergroup hostility, the principal decides that the people in the two groups need to have personal contact on an equal-status basis. What else might he do to try and achieve more harmonious relations between the two groups.
Have them work together on a school wide project