Chapter 5 - Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Which of the following was a reported result of the research that followed the Amadou Diallo shooting

Trained officers were quicker to shoot an armed black person, then an armed white person

stereotype

a belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics

jigsaw classroom

a cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts

Social Dominace Orientation

a desire to see ones ingroup as dominate over other groups and a willingness to adopt cultural values that facilitate oppression over other groups

modern racism

a form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize

ambivalent sexism

a form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings

Karen divides her class into small, racially mix groups. Each student learns part of the assigned work, and then teach is it to others in the group. This procedure is an example of

a jigsaw classroom

subliminal presentation

a method of presenting stimuli so faintly or rapidly that people do not have any conscious awareness of having been exposed to them

stereotype content model

a model proposing that the relative status and competition between groups influence group stereotypes along the dimensions of competence and warmth

superordinate goal

a shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups

illusory correlation

an overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated

In the Robbers cave experiment, young boys came to dislike each other intensely after a period of

competing with each other

According to theories of modern racism, discrimination against Blacks is most likely to occur when it is

easy to rationalize

For Joel, being a part of the basketball team is very important. When asked to compare the basketball team to the football team, he states "we're a lot better than they are". According to social identity theory, this ingroup favoritism should make Joel

feel better about himself and the basketball team

Illusory correlations, attributions about men's and women's behavior, subtyping men and women who are not representative, and seeking information that supports one views are four ways in which

gender stereotypes endure

outgroups

groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity

ingroups

groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity

Tom is prejudiced against Blacks but doesn't admit it. He sees a Black store owner being robbed. Although he would ordinarily try to help in such emergencies, he does nothing. Tom's lack of action is an example of

modern racism

prejudice

negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups

sexism

prejudice and discrimination based on a person's gender, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one gender over another

Racism

prejudice and discrimination based on a person's racial background, or institutional/cultural practices that promote the domination of one race over another

implicit racism

racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally

Gender stereotypes result from expectations created by a sex-based division of the labor market, according to which theory?

social role

Frank thinks that all his instructors are windbags, but he also thinks that they are two kinds of instructors: those who are knowledgeable but unable to teach and those who don't know very much. Frank's classification of his instructors is an example of

subtyping

social categorization

the classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes

stereotype threat

the experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one's group

outgroup homogeneity effect

the tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups

contact hypothesis

the theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions

realistic conflict theory

the theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources

social identity theory

the theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem

social role theory

the theory that small gender differences are magnified in perception by the contrasting social roles occupied by men and women

group

two or more persons perceived as related because of their interactions, membership in the same category, or common fate

At the car dealership, Michele encountered ambivalent sexism when her new boss

Acted protectively towards the woman in his department, but devalued their work

Melanie describes himself as a "morning person". Her younger sister, Nicole describes herself as a "night person". When it comes to unconsciously using stereotypes, which of the following is probably true?

Melanie is more likely to do so in the evening where is Nicole is more likely to do so in the morning.

The blue and the red gang are having a dispute about who controls the turf around the vacant lot next to the high school. During this dispute, fighting between the two groups escalates. This result could be most easily predicted from

Realistic conflict theory

Social categorization and ingroup favoritism are the two processes that lead to

Stereotypes

Lisa thinks that women are more critical then men. At parties she is more likely to notice a sarcastic remark from a woman then from a man. Lisa's perceptions illustrate

The confirmation bias

Research on stereotype threat shows that stereotypes can

Undermine the academic performance of women and minorities

Stereotypes about men and women present

a kernel of the truth that is oversimplified and exaggerated

According to cross-cultural research, men are widely seen as more ________ than women

agressive

discrimination

behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group

relative deprivation

feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others

ingroup favoritism

the tendency to discriminate in favor of ingroups over outgroups

The cognitive capacity to process information carefully, and the motivation to be accurate are two factors that enable people to

Avoiding using stereotypes

Recent research on the measurement of modern racism shows that it

Can be with computer tasks without the respondents awareness

In one high school, students from the country have always fought with students from the city. In order to reduce this intergroup hostility, the principal decides that the people in the two groups need to have personal contact on an equal-status basis. What else might he do to try and achieve more harmonious relations between the two groups.

Have them work together on a school wide project