Exam 2 Pt. 3
A person with schizophrenia says to you, "Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." This example illustrates which symptom of schizophrenia? A) delusions of reference B) derailment C) neologisms D) inappropriate affect
Derailment
When the seat belt light in D.B.'s car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of: A) obsessive personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) histrionic personality disorder. D) narcissistic personality disorder.
histrionic personality disorder.
In the middle of a calm conversation, a person with Tourette's syndrome might suddenly begin shouting and follow that with a string of obscenities. This is similar to the symptom of schizophrenia called: A) blunted and flat affect. B) inappropriate affect. C) poverty of speech. D) loss of volition.
inappropriate affect
Which is NOT a criticism of DSM-5 diagnoses of personality disorders? A) the reliability of the diagnosis B) the validity of the diagnosis C) distinguishing one personality disorder from another personality disorder D) incorporating new research into the new edition
incorporating new research into the new edition
A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts per day. The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello; how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background? A) psychodynamic B) biological C) cognitive-behavioral D) sociocultural
cognitive-behavioral
If you are being treated for schizophrenia and are learning to distract yourself from the voices you hear and to reinterpret them as just a symptom of your disorder rather than reality, you are MOST likely receiving: A) psychotherapy. B) newer antipsychotic drugs. C) family therapy. D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you it's your imagination, but eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This scenario is consistent with the: A) cognitive-behavioral view. B) sociocultural view. C) existential view. D) psychodynamic view.
cognitive-behavioral view.
Which statement is accurate advice that you could give someone thinking about taking traditional antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia? A) "Try psychotherapy first; it often works just as well." B) "If you have negative symptoms of schizophrenia, you can expect better results from medication." C) "Although these drugs will probably work, there are significant side effects." D) "Although these drugs work well, you probably won't see the maximum results until after six weeks."
"Although these drugs will probably work, there are significant side effects."
Which piece of evidence, if found, would MOST strongly support the notion that hallucinations produce delusions? A) data from a survey given to people with schizophrenia who reported that delusions typically occurred a few weeks after they had experienced their first hallucinations B) anecdotal data from a clinical therapist who reported that his clients' delusions happened after they first experienced hallucinations C) an experiment showing that people who were induced to produce hallucinations were more likely to develop delusions afterward D) a pharmaceutical study showing that a new investigational drug reduced both hallucinations and delusions
An experiment showing that people who were induced to produce hallucinations were more likely to develop delusions afterwards.
A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) _____ hallucination and a delusion of _____. A) auditory; grandeur B) tactile; control C) olfactory; reference D) gustatory, persecution
Auditory; grandeur
A modern psychodynamic theorist is MOST likely to say: A) "Fromm-Reichmann was right; schizophrenogenic mothers cause most cases of schizophrenia." B) "Fromm-Reichmann was wrong; schizophrenogenic fathers cause most cases of schizophrenia." C) "Having a fragmented sense of self leads to biological abnormalities." D) "Biological abnormalities predispose people to develop a fragmented sense of self."
"Biological abnormalities predispose people to develop a fragmented sense of self."
Imagine that your neighbor, who is being treated for schizophrenia, says that she has mostly negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is afraid of the extrapyramidal side effects of medication. She asks you what she should do. Based on current research, the BEST response is: A) "Avoid all types of medication and stick to insight therapy." B) "Try conventional antipsychotic drugs; they should work best." C) "Try atypical antipsychotics; they should work best." D) "Any medication should work about as well as any other medication."
"Try atypical antipsychotics; they should work best."
Someone says to you, "Homeless people scare me. They're all crazy." Based on research, what is the BEST response? A) "It's true that most homeless people experience a serious psychotic disorder." B) "That's a big myth. Virtually no homeless people are truly schizophrenic." C) "Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia." D) "You should be scared. Mentally ill homeless people are usually violent."
"Unfortunately, about a quarter of homeless people have schizophrenia."
A psychiatrist says, "I want to maximize the antipsychotic effect of a drug while minimizing its undesirable side effects." What's the BEST advice you can give the psychiatrist? A) "Unfortunately, effective doses of conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs both produce a lot of undesirable side effects." B) "Fortunately, effective doses of both conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs do not produce a lot of undesirable side effects." C) "Use a conventional antipsychotic drug." D) "Use an atypical antipsychotic drug."
"Use an atypical antipsychotic drug"
Hallucinations are to _____, as delusions are to _____. A) cognition; emotion B) perceptions; beliefs C) positive symptoms; negative symptoms D) psychosis; neurosis
?
Janna says "There's nothing out there for me. I can't stand other people, and I can't stand myself, either. I'm just really mad right now." She likely has which personality disorder? A) borderline B) antisocial C) narcissistic D) paranoid
Borderline
How is catatonic stupor related to loss of volition? A) Both appear to be behaviorally similar, but each has different underlying features. B) Both are negative symptoms of schizophrenia. C) Both rely on similar structures in the motor cortex. D) Both of these appear at similar points during the time-course of schizophrenia.
Both appear to behave similarly but each has different underlying features.
Given that schizophrenia is associated with many gene sites, which of the following inferences is the MOST illogical? A) Schizophrenia is complex and varied, so it must be distributed across multiple gene sites. B) Polygenic disorders require the operation of multiple gene sites compared to disorders that are not polygenic. C) Eventually, research will narrow down the number of gene sites that are associated with schizophrenia to only a few. D) Some of the gene sites that are linked to schizophrenia may be purely coincidental and play no role in the disorder at all.
Eventually, research will narrow down the number of gene sites that are associated with schizophrenia to only a few.
A person who is experiencing a potentially fatal reaction to an antipsychotic drug involving muscle rigidity and autonomic nervous system dysfunction is displaying: A) Parkinson-like symptoms. B) neuroleptic malignant syndrome. C) tardive dyskinesia. D) akathisia.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
How can one BEST determine whether the use of token economies is an effective means of changing problematic behavior? A) Observe how behavior changes after people receive tokens for appropriate behavior. B) Record a person's behavior before and after administration of tokens. C) Ask therapists and staff if they think the use of tokens changed patients' behavior. D) Record and compare behavior between a group that received tokens against a group that did not.
Record and compare behavior between a group that received tokens against a group that did not.
If a study showed that reinforced behavior produces a significant increase in dopamine activation compared to nonreinforced behavior, then this would lend some support for which claim? A) Reinforcement is a potential cause of schizophrenic symptoms. B) Schizophrenic behavior produces greater reinforcement than other behaviors. C) People with catatonic symptoms produce few reinforced behaviors. D) When dopamine levels are decreased, people are more likely to engage in behaviors that produce reinforcement than behaviors that do not produce reinforcement.
Reinforcement is potential cause of schizophrenic symptoms.
A person who is LEAST likely to be affected by criticism or praise from other people is one suffering from: A) voidant personality disorder. B) schizoid personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
Schizoid personality disorder.
What is the MOST likely reason that Dr. Hoover seldom prescribes drugs when treating clients with borderline personality disorder? A) The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose. B) In most cases, drugs seem to make aggressiveness even worse. C) In most cases, drugs seem to make emotional outbursts even more extreme. D) The therapist is unaware that drugs are always used in combination with dialectical behavior therapy, the most effective therapy for those with borderline personality disorder.
The risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdoes.
Which statement is NOT generally true of those with antisocial personality disorder? A) They lie frequently. B) They are careless with money and often do not pay their debts. C) They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's. D) They have little regard for their own safety or the safety of others.
They care for no one's safety, except theirs and their children's.
How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people? A) They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors. B) They include personality traits not experienced by typical people. C) They are generally treated successfully with antipsychotic medication. D) They are caused by epigenetic processes.
They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors.
A third-grade teacher gives students stickers throughout the school day when they engage in appropriate behaviors. At the end of the day, students can trade in their stickers for treats from the class "treasure chest." This program is MOST similar to which form of therapy used for institutionalized people with schizophrenia? A) milieu therapy B) insight therapy C) token economy D) partial hospitalization
Token economy
If you were working with a patient who displayed muscle tremors and rigidity, facial tics, and tardive dyskinesia, you would suspect that the person was receiving: A) electroconvulsive therapy. B) antipsychotic drugs. C) milieu therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy.
antipsychotic drugs
A friend says to you, "He must have antisocial personality disorder; look how careful he is about his own well-being but how careless he is about others' safety." Your MOST accurate reply would be: A) "You're right; those are classic characteristics of antisocial personality disorder." B) "You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careful about the safety of family members." C) "You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others." D) "You've got it backward; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless of their own safety but show at least some concern for others' safety."
"You're partly right; most people with antisocial personality disorder are careless about their own safety, as well as the safety of others."
A therapist wants to implement a token economy. To help ensure that the program is effective, the therapist should: A) create a plus and minus system, awarding tokens for desired behavior and taking tokens for undesired behavior. B) define the behavior to be reinforced and establish expectations for earning tokens. C) first create a bare minimum standard for living comforts so that the tokens and rewards become more desirable. D) be generous when initially awarding tokens to increase interest in the reward system.
Define the behavior to be reinforced.
A person acts extremely jealous all the time and complains bitterly whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has been going on for a couple of months, and the person shows no other substantial symptoms. The BEST diagnosis, assuming the extreme jealousy has no basis in fact, is: A) delusional disorder. B) schizophreniform disorder. C) paranoid schizophrenia. D) brief psychotic disorder.
Delusional disorder
Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from: A) delusions of grandeur. B) delusions of reference. C) delusions of control. D) delusions of persecution.
Delusions of persecution
Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly and personally to him. He then decides to go to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from: A) delusions of persecution. B) delusions of grandeur. C) delusions of reference. D) delusions of control.
Delusions of reference.
Which is the BEST example of a finding from genetic linkage and molecular biology studies? A) The brains of those with schizophrenia are structured differently from the brains of those without schizophrenia. B) Those with schizophrenia process certain neurotransmitters differently from those without schizophrenia. C) Gene defects on certain chromosomes predispose one to schizophrenia. D) Biological relatives of those with schizophrenia are at greatest risk for schizophrenia.
Gene defects on certain chromosomes predispose one to schizophrenia.
Which statement accurately represents the "rational path to madness"? A) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide others are lying to me. B) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others give me lots of attention and sympathy. I experience more symptoms. C) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide they are right and become depressed. D) I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others argue rationally against my symptoms. I believe them and no longer have symptoms.
I experience disturbing symptoms. I talk them over with others. Others say I am imagining things. I decide others are lying to me.
Which statement most accurately reflects up-to-date research on DSM-5 categories of personality disorder? A) Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders have remained very consistent for many years. B) Passive-aggressive personality disorder remains the personality disorder easiest to diagnose and treat. C) Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis. D) Personality disorder clusters are quite distinct from one another.
Individuals do not necessarily have to have very similar personalities to receive the same diagnosis.
Most contemporary psychodynamic theorists would agree with which statement? A) Schizophrenogenic mothers confuse their children, resulting in their children being diagnosed with schizophrenia. B) Schizophrenogenic mothers, if they do exist, don't create children with schizophrenia. C) Schizophrenogenia should be applied to fathers as well as to mothers. D) Schizophrenogenia has been supported by research as an important contributor to schizophrenia.
Schizophrenogenic mothers confuse their children, resulting in their children being diagnosed with schizophrenia.
What kinds of treatment programs seem to work best for mentally ill chemical abusers (MICAs)? A) short-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy B) short-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy C) long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy D) long-term, individualized, more traditional forms of therapy
Long-term, individualized, comprehensive therapy
Which statement about medication and schizophrenia is the LEAST accurate? A) Medication is very helpful for some, moderately helpful for others, and ineffective for the remainder of those suffering from schizophrenia. B) Medication can alleviate some problems, but it can also create new ones. C) The approaches to treating schizophrenia have vastly improved over the last several decades. D) Medication is the only effective way to treat schizophrenia.
Medication is the only effective way to treat schizophrenia
Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. A) active B) positive C) negative D) psychomotor
Positive
When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely: A) schizoid personality disorder. B) avoidant personality disorder. C) paranoid personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.
Schizotypal personality disorder.
A middle-aged individual shows many of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and at the same time often appears profoundly depressed. The symptoms have lasted almost a year. This is an example of: A) shared psychotic disorder. B) undifferentiated type of schizophrenia. C) schizophreniform disorder. D) schizoaffective disorder.
Schizoaffective disorder
Some hospitalized mental patients not only failed to improve but also suffered negative effects of their care. This syndrome is called: A) schizophrenogenesis. B) hyperinstitutionalization. C) social breakdown syndrome. D) downward drift.
Social breakdown syndrome.
Which statement is true regarding the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? A) You cannot suffer from both of them at the same time. B) Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) The most likely disorder comorbid with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) The two obsessive-compulsive disorders are comorbid over half the time.
Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The way people with schizophrenia were housed in mental hospitals during the first half of the twentieth century could be compared to a: A) storage facility. B) critical care unit in a modern hospital. C) retirement community. D) military barrack.
Storage facility.
If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that: A) the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain. B) the person knows that the hallucinations are fictional. C) hallucinations and delusions are coded in the same place in the person's brain. D) the person is aware of auditory hallucinations but not aware of other types of hallucinations.
The person actually produces nerve signals of sound in the brain.
Which statement about atypical antipsychotic drugs is NOT true? A) They are less likely to produce extrapyramidal side effects than conventional antipsychotic drugs, especially when administered in low doses. B) They operate on different receptor sites compared to conventional antipsychotic medications. C) They treat positive symptoms of schizophrenia as well as negative symptoms, but to a smaller degree. D) They produce very few side effects compared to other antipsychotic medications.
They produce very few side effects compared to other antipsychotic medications.
As a psychiatrist, you prescribe a patient with schizophrenia a second-generation antipsychotic medication. What patient education, regarding this medicine, should you provide? A) This medication is most effective against negative symptoms of schizophrenia. B) This medication is commonly associated with undesired extrapyramidal symptoms. C) This medication is effective in only a small percentage of patients who take it. D) This medication needs to be taken even after symptoms have subsided.
This medication needs to be taken even after symptoms have subsided.
A person diagnosed with schizophrenia is not hospitalized, yet eventually shows complete remission of symptoms. This pattern is: A) typical of what happens in developing countries. B) typical of what happens in developed countries. C) unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developing countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developed countries. D) unusual: not being hospitalized is typical in developed countries, but remission of symptoms is typical in developing countries.
Typical of what happens in developing countries.
Which statement BEST represents current knowledge about mass murderers? A) The mental health field has a clear understanding of what causes mass murderers to behave as they do. B) We really don't know what causes mass murderers to act or how to treat them. C) We know how to treat mass murderers effectively; we just don't have the funds to offer treatment to all who need it. D) The focus of the field is more on the feelings of mass murderers than on their diagnoses.
We really don't know what causes mass murderers to act or how to treat them.
Operant conditioning has the MOST difficulty explaining: A) why schizophrenia is linked to genetic abnormalities. B) why people with schizophrenia display bizarre behaviors. C) why schizophrenia sometimes runs in families. D) why behavioral interventions restore some functions.
Why behavioral interventions restore some functions.
When Grant was released from the hospital after receiving treatment for schizophrenia, his parents scolded him about finding a job and were very critical of his dietary habits. Grant later became suspicious of his parents, and his delusional thoughts soon returned. This example illustrates: A) a high level of expressed emotion displayed by Grant's parents. B) unconditional positive regard for feelings. C) cognitive dissonance between Grant and his parents. D) a common problem that occurs when people are released from mental hospitals.
a high level of expressed emotion displayed by Grant's parents.
Which piece of evidence, if found, would weaken the dopamine hypothesis the most? A) a study showing that when people are given excess doses of L-dopa, they subsequently develop symptoms of schizophrenia B) a study showing that other drugs that increase dopamine activity, such as amphetamines, also produce symptoms of schizophrenia C) a study showing that drugs that bind to receptors other than dopamine reduce or eliminate the symptoms of schizophrenia D) a study showing that phenothiazines are more effective than second-generation antipsychotic drugs in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia
a study showing that drugs that bind to receptors other than dopamine reduce or eliminate the symptoms of schizophrenia
Compared with conventional antipsychotic medications, the dosage-response curve for atypical medications reveal which relationship between drug efficacy and extrapyramidal side effects? A) a wider gap between the drug's efficacy and extrapyramidal side effects for low and moderate dosage levels B) a narrower gap between the drug's efficacy and extrapyramidal side effects for low and moderate dosage levels C) a linear increase in extrapyramidal side effects as dosage levels increase D) no change in extrapyramidal side effects as dosage levels increase
a wider gap between the drug's efficacy and extrapyramidal side effects for low and moderate dosage levels
Which would MOST clearly fit into the biosocial theory of the development of borderline personality disorder? A) an individual who has deficits in the functioning of both the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex B) an individual who has family members who display many of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder C) an individual who engages in self-injurious behavior while under the influence of illegal substances D) an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions
an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions
An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, it is MOST likely either: A) schizotypal personality disorder or a stress disorder. B) schizotypal personality disorder or a substance-related disorder. C) antisocial personality disorder or a stress disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.
antisocial personality disorder or a substance-related disorder.
Like those with paranoid personality disorder, those with avoidant personality disorder usually: A) are very sensitive to criticism. B) avoid close relationships. C) are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships. D) are indifferent to criticism and seek out close relationships.
are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships.
I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new multiple choice test item; I just don't seem to care. My behavior is like that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called: A) avolition. B) ahedonia. C) inappropriate affect. D) flat affect.
avolition
Camila felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Camila's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder? A) obsessive-compulsive B) narcissistic C) borderline D) antisocial
borderline
"I can't work with that client!" says your friend, the psychotherapist. "As soon as I show any empathy at all, it becomes almost impossible to challenge the client, and the client keeps calling me at all hours of the day." MOST likely, this is a client with: A) borderline personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. D) schizotypal personality disorder.
borderline personality disorder
A person begins exhibiting early symptoms of schizophrenia—for example, hearing voices. Family members decide to discuss the voices with the person to try to understand what is going on. This action by family members should: A) increase the likelihood of future symptoms. B) decrease the likelihood of future symptoms. C) delay the onset of future symptoms, which are inevitable. D) prevent the onset of future symptoms.
delay the onset of future symptoms, which are inevitable.
DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be on or off. In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a: A) flashlight, running on batteries. B) dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on. C) candle, which may be blown out at any time. D) capacitor, which builds up a charge slowly then discharges it all at once.
dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on.
Martin is a person with schizophrenia who feels ambivalent about most issues. He has no goals and does not seem to have the energy or interest to think about them. He certainly cannot make decisions. He is MOST likely suffering from: A) disturbances in affect. B) disturbances in volition. C) a disturbed sense of self. D) a disturbed relationship with the outside world.
disturbance in volition
Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence to support the theory that schizophrenia is due to socioeconomic factors? A) evidence showing that people of lower socioeconomic status have higher rates of schizophrenia than those of higher socioeconomic status B) evidence showing that the risk of schizophrenia is positively correlated with the number of life stressors one has experienced C) evidence showing that the rate of schizophrenia changes after people have moved from a higher to a lower, or from a lower to a higher, socioeconomic status D) evidence showing that the risk of schizophrenia is negatively correlated with one's annual income
evidence showing that the rate of schizophrenia changes after people have moved from a higher to a lower, or from a lower to a higher, socioeconomic status
Evidence suggests that restricted affect among those with schizophrenia may reflect the inability to _____ emotions, not the inability to _____ them. A) express; feel B) feel; express C) label; express D) feel; label
express; feel
When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline personality disorder, those patients, compared with patients receiving other forms of therapy, make: A) far fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often. B) far fewer suicide attempts but are hospitalized about as often. C) about the same number of suicide attempts but are hospitalized less often. D) about the same number of suicide attempts and are hospitalized about as often.
far fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often.
If a person with schizophrenia were making involuntary ticlike movements of the tongue, mouth, face, or whole body, smacking the lips, and making sucking and chewing movements, one would suspect the patient: A) was taking too much antipsychotic medication. B) was taking too little antipsychotic medication. C) had been taking antipsychotic medication for a short time. D) had been taking antipsychotic medication for a long time.
had been taking antipsychotic medication for a long time.
Helena was just discharged from a public mental health facility. She went to live with other former patients in a group-living arrangement. There were staff members there to help, but the residents controlled most of the day-to-day activities. Helena's living arrangement is a: A) day center. B) halfway house. C) short-term hospital. D) sheltered workshop.
halfway house.
Biologically speaking, if one wanted to treat antisocial personality disorder, one would want to _____ the individual with the disorder. A) reduce the degree of interpersonal sensitivity in B) identify those who are modeling antisocial personality disorder for C) increase the anxiety level of D) decrease the rewards available for the antisocial behavior in
increase the anxiety level of
If the schizophrenia-related brain circuit contains distinctive subcircuits, then one would expect to observe: A) increased activation in one circuit and decreased activation in another regardless of the symptoms that are present. B) increased activation among specific brain structures when the severity of symptoms that are present also increases. C) one circuit that is more active when positive symptoms are present, and the other more active when negative symptoms are present. D) circuits that are activated by similar brain structures, but with one being more intensely activated than the other.
increased activation among specific brain structures when the severity of symptoms that are present also increases.
Schizophrenia is to _____, as Parkinson's disease is to _____. A) negative symptoms; positive symptoms B) positive symptoms; negative symptoms C) increased dopamine activation; decreased dopamine activation D) decreased dopamine activation; increased dopamine activation
increased dopamine activation; decreased dopamine activation.
If instruments such as the Big Five are used to describe personality, rather than relying on DSM-5, then diagnoses of psychological disorder would become: A) more categorical as well as more a matter of degree. B) more categorical and less a matter of degree. C) less categorical and more a matter of degree. D) less categorical as well as less a matter of degree.
less categorical and more a matter of degree.
Research suggests that even though second-generation antipsychotic medications reduce psychotic symptoms, they: A) offer no insight as to what causes schizophrenia in the first place. B) may only moderately improve overall life satisfaction among those with chronic schizophrenia. C) represent a minor advance in the treatment of schizophrenia compared to conventional antipsychotic drugs. D) produce other symptoms that are more debilitating than those that are produced by conventional medications.
may only moderately improve overall life satisfaction among those with chronic schizophrenia.
A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST likely, she will: A) neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child. B) progress to postpartum psychosis but will not physically harm her child. C) not progress to postpartum psychosis but will physically harm her child. D) progress to postpartum psychosis and will physically harm her child.
neither progress to postpartum psychosis not physically harm her child.
A group of diagnostic clinicians can't agree with each other on appropriate personality disorder diagnoses for several clients. In fact, it is obvious that, in many cases, they have inaccurately made their diagnoses. Assuming they are competent clinicians, this situation would indicate the DSM-5 categories for personality disorder are: A) both reliable and valid. B) neither reliable nor valid. C) reliable, but not valid. D) not reliable, but valid.
neither reliable nor valid.
A person with schizophrenia who says, "I have 'triscatitis' because the angular shape of my foreffit is diskiltered," is experiencing: A) loose associations. B) neologisms. C) perseveration. D) clang.
neologisms
A hospitalized patient no longer talks about delusions and hallucinations, thanks to participating in a token economy program. However, critics of the token economy program would say that the token economy program has: A) worsened the negative symptoms of the disorder. B) treated the schizophrenia without medication. C) not eliminated the delusions and hallucinations but has improved the patient's ability to imitate normal behavior. D) changed a Type I disorder into a Type II disorder.
not eliminated the delusions and hallucinations but has improved the patient's ability to imitate normal behavior.
A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder came up with the following analysis: the parents probably did not want children in the first place; the child just was not accepted; the child developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope with separation. The therapist's theoretical orientation is MOST likely: A) existential. B) biological. C) object relations theory. D) cognitive-behavioral theory.
object relations theory.
Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of: A) avoidant personality disorder. B) paranoid personality disorder. C) narcissistic personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
paranoid personality disorder.
If a person being treated for schizophrenia goes each day to a center where the focus is on improving social skills and receiving therapy, the person is participating in: A) partial hospitalization. B) a sheltered workshop. C) a residential center. D) a support group.
partial hospitalization.
Research has found that people with schizophrenia who received _____ were less likely to be readmitted to the hospital compared with those who received _____. A) social therapy and antipsychotic medication; only social therapy or antipsychotic medication B) social therapy only; social therapy and antipsychotic medication C) antipsychotic medication only; social therapy and antipsychotic medication D) no treatment at all; social therapy
social therapy and antipsychotic medication; only social therapy or antipsychotic medication.
Hallucination reinterpretation and acceptance is a therapeutic approach that includes all of the following features EXCEPT: A) helping clients identify situations and events that trigger hallucinations. B) having clients test the validity that their hallucinations exert control over them. C) teaching clients to identify the source of their hallucinations. D) having clients record what the voices in their head are saying.
teaching clients to identify the source of their hallucinations.
The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that: A) substance abuse causes individuals to develop antisocial personality disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder causes individuals to abuse substances. C) there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder. D) if individuals stop abusing substances, their antisocial personality disorder will be cured.
there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder.
Research evaluating the effectiveness of various approaches to treating postpartum psychosis is lacking. All of the following are potential reasons for this EXCEPT: A) finding a sufficient number of research participants is difficult because there are very few instances of the disorder to begin with. B) the appropriate tools for measuring the efficacy of different treatment approaches have yet to be developed. C) there are very few funding opportunities to support research investigating the efficacy of different treatment approaches. D) there are significant ethical concerns related to the various research models proposed to study treatment effectiveness.
there are significant ethical concerns related to the various research models proposed to study treatment effectiveness.
You might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when: A) there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness. B) preferences in women's and men's clothing undergo substantial shifts. C) there is a decline in materialism and individualism. D) the sale of inspirational DVDs, books, and tapes suddenly increases.
there is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness.
The schizoid personality disorder differs from paranoid personality disorder in that: A) those with schizoid personality disorder seek close affiliations with others, while those with paranoid personality do not. B) paranoid personality disorder is treatable only through drug therapy; schizoid personality can be treated with psychotherapy. C) women are more likely to have schizoid personality disorder than paranoid personality disorder; the opposite is true for men. D) those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.
those with schizoid personality disorder desire to be alone; those with paranoid personality are alone because of suspiciousness.