Chapter 5 study guide General psychology Test

conditioned response

a learned response to a conditioned stimulus.

Negative reinforcement

a response with the removal or escape from something unpleasant will also increase the likelihood of that response being repeated.

neutral stimulus

a stimulus that has no effect on the desired response prior to conditioning.

Punishment

any stimulus when following a behavior, that decreases the future likelihood of the original behavior it followed.

Reinforcement

anything that, when following a response, causes that response to be more likely to happen again.

learning

is any relatively permanent change in behavior brought by experienced or practice.

spontaneous recovery

the reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred.

Positive reinforcemet

the reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable consequence, such as a reward like pat on the back.

negative punishment

the removal of something pleasant, that decreases the future likelihood of the behavior it followed.

who discovered classical conditioning?

Pavlov

reflex

an unlearned, involuntary response that is not under personal control or choice

Positive punishment

the application or adding of something pleasant, that decreases the likelihood of the behavior it followed.

unconditioned response

the automatic and involuntary response to the unconditioned stimulus

unconditioned stimulus

the automatic and involuntary response to the unconditioned stimulus

operant conditioning

the kind of learning that occurs with automatic, involuntary behavior.

1. Doesn't always stop the behavior, may suppress temporarily 2. If the punisher is strong enough it can cause abuse 3. Can cause displaced aggression, fear, and anxiety.

what are some of the drawbacks of punishment?

1. Attention 2. memory 3.imitation 4. Desire

what are the four elements of observational learning?

unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response.

what are the key elements of classical conditioning?

Positive and negative

what is the primary and secondary reinforcements?

conditioned stimulus

when a previously neutral stimulus, through repeated pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, begins to cause the same kind of involuntary response.

Edward L. Thorndike

who discovered Operant conditioning?

B. F. Skinner

who invented reinforcement?