Chapter 5 The Digestive System
lymph
a clear fluid collected from tissues and transported by vessels to venous circulation
inflammation of the gums is the definition of:
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums is:
gingivitis
deconstruct the term glossodynia
gloss-o-dynia
which of the following terms is defined as a painful, burning tongue
glossodynia
which of the following terms is defined as a painful, burning tongue?
glossodynia
protease
group on enzymes that break down protein
deconstruct the term halitosis
halit-osis
spell the term defined as bad odor of the breath
halitosis
the anterior two-thirds of the palate is the.... palate, and enables the tongue to manipulate the food in order to prepare it for swallowing.
hard
the roof of the mouth is made up of the :
hard palate
deconstruct the term hematemesis
hemat-eme-sis
the passage of red, bloody stool is
hematochezia
deconstruct the term hemochromatosis
hemo-o-chromat-osis
which of the following terms is defined as a dangerously high level of iron in the body with deposition of iron pigments in the tissues? -hemoglobin -hematozoa -hemochromatosis -hematoma
hemochromatosis
.... are dilated veins in the submucosa of the anal canal, and are often associated with pregnancy, chronic constipation, diarrhea, or aging
hemorrhoids
which of the following terms means to protrude
herniate
an opening through a structure is a (n) -hernia -orifice -reflux -hiatus
hiatus
Mastication
(chewing) breaks down the food into smaller particles so that (Digestive enzymes) have a larger surface area with which to interact.
The accessory organs of digestion include the
* Teeth *tongue *salivary glands *liver *gallbladder *pancreas
The Alimentary Canal includes the:
*mouth *pharynx *Esophagus *stomach *small intestine * large intestine
The digestive enzymes have three main groups:
- amylases- that digest carbohydrates -lipases- that digest fat -proteases-that digest proteins
how many points are on bicuspid teeth
2
A.) Mechanical digestion breaks larger pieces of food into smaller ones without altering their chemical composition. This process exposes a larger surface area of the food to the action of digestive enzymes
B.) Chemical digestion breaks down large molecules of food into smaller and simpler chemicals. This process is carried out by digestive enzymes produced by the salivary glands, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas.
the inferior portion of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine at the Ileocecal valve is called the.......... -duodenum -ileum -jejunum -cecum
The (ileum) makes up 55% of the small intestine's length. It ends at the valve, a sphincter that controls entry into the large intestine.
buccinator
buccinator muscle is the muscle in the cheek
segment
a section of an organ or structure
submucosa
a thick connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
bicuspid
a tooth with two points
the large intestine forms a perimeter in the ..... cavity around the central mass of the small intestine.
abdominal cavity
which of the following is the verb for of the absorption?
absorb
an example of a digestive organ that is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland is the..................... -pancreas -liver -spleen -thalamus
acinar cells of the exocrine part of the pancreas
The suffix -ion means: -cut off -process -condition -action
action
deconstruct the term alimentary
aliment-ary
deconstruct the term amylase
amyl-ase
which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down starch
amylase
which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down starch?
amylase
transcript
an exact copy or reproduction
thrush
an infection occurring anywhere in the mouth and caused by the fungus (candida albicans.) This fungus typically is found in the mouth, but it can multiply out of control as a result of prolonged antibiotic or steroid treatment, cancer chemotherapy, or diabetes. A newborn baby can acquire oral thrush from the mother's vaginal yeast infection during the birth process. Treatment with antifungal agents, such as nystatin (mycostatin) or clotrimazole (Lotrimin), is usually successful
muscularis
an inner, circular layer of (smooth muscle) and an out longitudinal layer of smooth muscle. When the inner circular layer contracts, it decreases the diameter of the tract. When the outer longitudinal layer contracts, it shortens the tract. These two movements create peristalsis and segmental contractions
serosa
an outermost layer of thin connective tissue and a single layer of epithelial cells
deconstruct the term anorexia
an-orex-ia
the last 1 to 2 inches of the large intestine are called the .....
anal canal
a severe lack of appetite is
anorexia
the structure through which feces passes out of the body is the .....
anus
papilla papillae (pl)
any small projection
the small, blind projection from the pouch of the cecum is the
appendix
deconstruct the term ascites
asc-ites
dental carles, tooth decay, and erosion of the tooth surface is caused by.......
bacteria
the prefix in the term parotid means
beside
premolar teeth are also referred to as: -bicuspids -incisors -canines -tricuspids
bicuspids
digestion
breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism
deconstruct the term buccinator
buccin-ator
which of the following is the muscle in the cheek
buccinator
deconstruct the word carboxypeptidase
carboxy-peptid-ase
which of the following are structures of the large intestine
cecum ascending colon rectum
which of the following are structures of the large intestine> -cecum -duodenum -jejunum -ascending colon -rectum
cecum ascending colon rectum
celiac
celi-ac
deconstruct the cholangiography
chol-angi-o-graphy
which of the following terms is defined as an enzyme that breaks down protein? -disaccharide -chymotrypsin -polysaccharide -carboxypeptidase
chymotrypsin or carboxypeptidase
deconstruct the term colic
col-ic
herpes simplex type 1
cold sores, also known as fever blisters, which are recurrent ulcers of the ips, lining of the mouth, and gums due to infection with the virus (herpes simplex type 1(HSV-1 Acyclovir (Zovirac) is a treatment used, but the ulcers usually clear spontaneously
hard, infrequent bowel movements is: -diarrhea -irritability -constipation -motility
constipation
deconstruct the term dehydration
de-hydr-ation
deconstruct the term dentin
dent-in
deconstruct the term disaccaride
di-sacchar-ide
which of the following terms is defined as a substance with two fatty acids -diglyceride -triglyceride -polyglyceride -monoglyceride
diglyceride
a pouchlike opening or sac from a tubular structure is the definition of: -cecum -diverticulum -bladder -appendix
diverticulum
a debilitating form of diarrhea is... this is a bacterial form of gastroenteritis that produces frequent bloody, mucus-filled, watery stools
dysentery
spell the term that means removal of waste material from the digestive tract
elimination
the examination of the lining of the digestive tract is:
enteroscopy
the suffix in the ter lysozyme means:
enzyme
lipase
enzymes that breaks down fat
ulcer
erosion of an area of skin or mucosa
spell the term that means the tube linking the pharynx and stomach
esophagus
... is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach that can cause pain, fullness, nausea, and occasional bleeding.
gastritis
laparoscopy
examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope
mouth
external opening of a cavity or canal
undigested, waste material discharged from the bowel is:
feces
uvula
fleshy projection of the soft palate
ulceration
formation of an ulcer
Deconstruct the term gastroenterology
gastr-o-enter-o-logy
deconstruct term gastroesophageal
gastr-o-esophag-e-al
spell the term that means an often precancerous white patch on the tongue
ieukoplakia
deconstruct the term ileostomy
ile-o-stomy
Segmental contractions
in the small intestine move food back and forth to mix it with digestive secretions.
pyorrhea
infection of the gums with a purulent discharge is called pyorrhea
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
laparoscope
instrument (endoscope) used for viewing the abdominal contents
ingestion
intake of food, either by mouth or through a nasogastric tube
one of the major symptoms of hepatitis is
jaundice
which of the following combining form means milk
lact/o
the enzyme that breaks down lactose to glucose and galactose is
lactase
the..... intestine is the place where water reabsorption takes place.
large
deconstruct the term leukoplakia
leuk-o-plak-ia
which of the following combing forms means fat?
lip.o
the most common cause of cirrhosis of the.,,,,, is alcoholism
liver
the..... is a large organ that produces and secretes bile
liver
mandible
lower jaw
deconstruct the term mastication
mastic-ation
which of the following is the term meaning to chew
masticate
during the mechanical process of digestion the buccinator muscles are required for the... process
mastication
gastroenterologist
medical specialist in gastroenterology
gastroenterology
medical specialty of the stomach and intestines
deconstruct the term mesenteric
mes-enter-ic
an inorganic compound usually found in the earth's crust is a(n)
mineral
tongue
mobile muscle mass in mouth; bears the taste buds
deconstruct the term mucin
muc-in
deconstruct the term muscularis
muscul-aris
the cystic and hepatic duct form the--bile duct -basic -distal -convoluted -common
on the underside of the live is the (gallbladder) which stores and concentrates the bile that the liver produces. The (cystic duct) from the gallbladder joins with the (hepatic duct) to form the common bile duct. The system of ducts to get the bile from the liver to the duodenum is called the biliary tract. *common
amylase
one of a group of enzymes that break down starch
transcriptionist
one who makes a copy of dictated material
mucosa
or mucous membrane- the layer containing the epithelial cells that line the tract, intestinal glands that secrete the digestive enzymes, and supportive connective tissue. Fingerlike shapes of mucosa called villi project into the lumen of the intestine.
Deglutition
or swallowing, moes the BOLUS of food from the mouth into the esophagus. PERISTALSIS, or waves of contraction and relaxation, moves material through most of the alimentary canal.
deconstruct the term oropharynx
or-o-pharynx
acinar cells are enzyme secreting cells of the: -gall bladder -liver -pancreas -kidneys
pancreas
pancreatitis
pancreat-itis
any small projection is the definition of which of the following
papilla
spell the plural form of the term papilla
papillae
the enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down protein is: -glycogen -pepsin -fibrinogen -prolactin
pepsin
which of the following terms is defined as around the tooth? -orthodontist -orthodontics -periodontist -periodontal
periodontal
segmental (adj)
pertaining to a segment
digestive (adj)
pertaining to digestion
laparoscopic (adj)
pertaining to laparoscopy
lymphatic (adj)
pertaining to lumph
alimentary
pertaining to the digestive track
oral
pertaining to the mouth
nasogastric
pertaining to the nose and stomach
gastric
pertaining to the stomach
Gastrointestinal (GI)
pertaining to the stomach and intestines
enzyme
protein that induces changes in other substances
deconstruct the term pyloric
pylor-ic
spell the term that means purulent discharge
pyorrhea
deconstruct the term reflux
re-flux
deconstruct the term regurgitation
re-gurgit-ation
deconstruct the term resection
re-sect-iom
the distal end of the sigmoid colon joins with the sigmoild
rectum
mass movement of feces in the colon and the desire to defecate is gastrocolic--------- -regurgitation -reflux -recoil -reflex
reflex
elimination
removal of waste material from the digestive tract
palate
roof of the mouth
which of the following terms is defined as the secretion in the mouth?
saliva
parotid glands
salivary gland located beside the ear
submandibular glands
salivary gland underneath the mandible
sublingual glands
salivary glands located under the tongue
which of the following is the noun form of the term secrete
secretion
taste
sensation from chemicals on the taste buds
distal to the descending colon, the.... colon makes an s-shaped curve as it descensd in the pelvis
sigmoid
boulus
single mass of a substance
the most common form of oral cancer occurs on the lip and is... cell carcinoma
squamous
the combining form gastr/o means
stomach
the large sac found between the esophagus and small intestine is called the>>>>>>
stomach
Deconstruct the term sublingual
sub-lingu-al
deconstruct the term submandibular
sub-mandibul-ar
roux-en-y
surgical procedure to reduce the size of the stomach
in the .... stomach acids are neutralized, fats are broken down, and pancreatic enzymes continue the chemical digestion process. -duodenum -liver -jejunum -diaphragm
the (duodenum) is the first 9 to 10 inches of the small intestine. It receives chyme from the stomach, together with pancreatic juices and bile. Here, stomach acid is neutralized, fats are broken up by the bile acids, and pancreatic enzymes take over chemical digestion.
deglutition
the act of swollowing
transcription
the action of making a copy of dictated material
secretion
the addition throughout the digestive tract of secretions that lubricate, liquefy, and digest the food. Mucus lubricates the food and the lining of the tract. Water liquefies the food to make it easier to digest and absorb. Enzymes break down the food.
diegestion
the breakdown of forms that can be transported to and absorbed into cells this process has two components
intestine intestinal (adj)
the digestive tube from stomach to anus
propulsion
the mechanical movement of food from the mouth to the anus. Normally, this takes 24 to 36 hours.
absorption
the movement of nutrient molecules out of the digestive tract and through the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood or lymph for transportation to body cells.
elimination
the process by which the unabsorbed residue of food is removed from the body.
ingestion
the selective intake of food into the mouth. alternatively, food can be inserted directly into the stomach via a (Nasogastric) or stomach tube.
masticate mastication (noun)
to chew
mastication
to chew
secrete secretion (noun)
to release or give off, as substances produced by cells
food is manipulated and held in place by the ... while chewing
tongue
bariatric
treatment of obesity
esophagus
tube linking the pharynx and the stomach
which of the following is defined as an erosion of an area of skin or mucosa
ulcer
deconstruct the term ulceration
ulcer-ation
sublingual
underneath the tongue
maxilla
upper jaw
absorption absorb (verb)
uptake of nutrients and water by cells in the GI tract
the tenth cranial nerve is the:
vagus
peristalsis
waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of alimentary canal wall to move food along the digestive trace
