Chapter 5 The Digestive System

lymph

a clear fluid collected from tissues and transported by vessels to venous circulation

inflammation of the gums is the definition of:

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums is:

gingivitis

deconstruct the term glossodynia

gloss-o-dynia

which of the following terms is defined as a painful, burning tongue

glossodynia

which of the following terms is defined as a painful, burning tongue?

glossodynia

protease

group on enzymes that break down protein

deconstruct the term halitosis

halit-osis

spell the term defined as bad odor of the breath

halitosis

the anterior two-thirds of the palate is the.... palate, and enables the tongue to manipulate the food in order to prepare it for swallowing.

hard

the roof of the mouth is made up of the :

hard palate

deconstruct the term hematemesis

hemat-eme-sis

the passage of red, bloody stool is

hematochezia

deconstruct the term hemochromatosis

hemo-o-chromat-osis

which of the following terms is defined as a dangerously high level of iron in the body with deposition of iron pigments in the tissues? -hemoglobin -hematozoa -hemochromatosis -hematoma

hemochromatosis

.... are dilated veins in the submucosa of the anal canal, and are often associated with pregnancy, chronic constipation, diarrhea, or aging

hemorrhoids

which of the following terms means to protrude

herniate

an opening through a structure is a (n) -hernia -orifice -reflux -hiatus

hiatus

Mastication

(chewing) breaks down the food into smaller particles so that (Digestive enzymes) have a larger surface area with which to interact.

The accessory organs of digestion include the

* Teeth *tongue *salivary glands *liver *gallbladder *pancreas

The Alimentary Canal includes the:

*mouth *pharynx *Esophagus *stomach *small intestine * large intestine

The digestive enzymes have three main groups:

- amylases- that digest carbohydrates -lipases- that digest fat -proteases-that digest proteins

how many points are on bicuspid teeth

2

A.) Mechanical digestion breaks larger pieces of food into smaller ones without altering their chemical composition. This process exposes a larger surface area of the food to the action of digestive enzymes

B.) Chemical digestion breaks down large molecules of food into smaller and simpler chemicals. This process is carried out by digestive enzymes produced by the salivary glands, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas.

the inferior portion of the small intestine that connects to the large intestine at the Ileocecal valve is called the.......... -duodenum -ileum -jejunum -cecum

The (ileum) makes up 55% of the small intestine's length. It ends at the valve, a sphincter that controls entry into the large intestine.

buccinator

buccinator muscle is the muscle in the cheek

segment

a section of an organ or structure

submucosa

a thick connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

bicuspid

a tooth with two points

the large intestine forms a perimeter in the ..... cavity around the central mass of the small intestine.

abdominal cavity

which of the following is the verb for of the absorption?

absorb

an example of a digestive organ that is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland is the..................... -pancreas -liver -spleen -thalamus

acinar cells of the exocrine part of the pancreas

The suffix -ion means: -cut off -process -condition -action

action

deconstruct the term alimentary

aliment-ary

deconstruct the term amylase

amyl-ase

which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down starch

amylase

which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down starch?

amylase

transcript

an exact copy or reproduction

thrush

an infection occurring anywhere in the mouth and caused by the fungus (candida albicans.) This fungus typically is found in the mouth, but it can multiply out of control as a result of prolonged antibiotic or steroid treatment, cancer chemotherapy, or diabetes. A newborn baby can acquire oral thrush from the mother's vaginal yeast infection during the birth process. Treatment with antifungal agents, such as nystatin (mycostatin) or clotrimazole (Lotrimin), is usually successful

muscularis

an inner, circular layer of (smooth muscle) and an out longitudinal layer of smooth muscle. When the inner circular layer contracts, it decreases the diameter of the tract. When the outer longitudinal layer contracts, it shortens the tract. These two movements create peristalsis and segmental contractions

serosa

an outermost layer of thin connective tissue and a single layer of epithelial cells

deconstruct the term anorexia

an-orex-ia

the last 1 to 2 inches of the large intestine are called the .....

anal canal

a severe lack of appetite is

anorexia

the structure through which feces passes out of the body is the .....

anus

papilla papillae (pl)

any small projection

the small, blind projection from the pouch of the cecum is the

appendix

deconstruct the term ascites

asc-ites

dental carles, tooth decay, and erosion of the tooth surface is caused by.......

bacteria

the prefix in the term parotid means

beside

premolar teeth are also referred to as: -bicuspids -incisors -canines -tricuspids

bicuspids

digestion

breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism

deconstruct the term buccinator

buccin-ator

which of the following is the muscle in the cheek

buccinator

deconstruct the word carboxypeptidase

carboxy-peptid-ase

which of the following are structures of the large intestine

cecum ascending colon rectum

which of the following are structures of the large intestine> -cecum -duodenum -jejunum -ascending colon -rectum

cecum ascending colon rectum

celiac

celi-ac

deconstruct the cholangiography

chol-angi-o-graphy

which of the following terms is defined as an enzyme that breaks down protein? -disaccharide -chymotrypsin -polysaccharide -carboxypeptidase

chymotrypsin or carboxypeptidase

deconstruct the term colic

col-ic

herpes simplex type 1

cold sores, also known as fever blisters, which are recurrent ulcers of the ips, lining of the mouth, and gums due to infection with the virus (herpes simplex type 1(HSV-1 Acyclovir (Zovirac) is a treatment used, but the ulcers usually clear spontaneously

hard, infrequent bowel movements is: -diarrhea -irritability -constipation -motility

constipation

deconstruct the term dehydration

de-hydr-ation

deconstruct the term dentin

dent-in

deconstruct the term disaccaride

di-sacchar-ide

which of the following terms is defined as a substance with two fatty acids -diglyceride -triglyceride -polyglyceride -monoglyceride

diglyceride

a pouchlike opening or sac from a tubular structure is the definition of: -cecum -diverticulum -bladder -appendix

diverticulum

a debilitating form of diarrhea is... this is a bacterial form of gastroenteritis that produces frequent bloody, mucus-filled, watery stools

dysentery

spell the term that means removal of waste material from the digestive tract

elimination

the examination of the lining of the digestive tract is:

enteroscopy

the suffix in the ter lysozyme means:

enzyme

lipase

enzymes that breaks down fat

ulcer

erosion of an area of skin or mucosa

spell the term that means the tube linking the pharynx and stomach

esophagus

... is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach that can cause pain, fullness, nausea, and occasional bleeding.

gastritis

laparoscopy

examination of the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope

mouth

external opening of a cavity or canal

undigested, waste material discharged from the bowel is:

feces

uvula

fleshy projection of the soft palate

ulceration

formation of an ulcer

Deconstruct the term gastroenterology

gastr-o-enter-o-logy

deconstruct term gastroesophageal

gastr-o-esophag-e-al

spell the term that means an often precancerous white patch on the tongue

ieukoplakia

deconstruct the term ileostomy

ile-o-stomy

Segmental contractions

in the small intestine move food back and forth to mix it with digestive secretions.

pyorrhea

infection of the gums with a purulent discharge is called pyorrhea

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

laparoscope

instrument (endoscope) used for viewing the abdominal contents

ingestion

intake of food, either by mouth or through a nasogastric tube

one of the major symptoms of hepatitis is

jaundice

which of the following combining form means milk

lact/o

the enzyme that breaks down lactose to glucose and galactose is

lactase

the..... intestine is the place where water reabsorption takes place.

large

deconstruct the term leukoplakia

leuk-o-plak-ia

which of the following combing forms means fat?

lip.o

the most common cause of cirrhosis of the.,,,,, is alcoholism

liver

the..... is a large organ that produces and secretes bile

liver

mandible

lower jaw

deconstruct the term mastication

mastic-ation

which of the following is the term meaning to chew

masticate

during the mechanical process of digestion the buccinator muscles are required for the... process

mastication

gastroenterologist

medical specialist in gastroenterology

gastroenterology

medical specialty of the stomach and intestines

deconstruct the term mesenteric

mes-enter-ic

an inorganic compound usually found in the earth's crust is a(n)

mineral

tongue

mobile muscle mass in mouth; bears the taste buds

deconstruct the term mucin

muc-in

deconstruct the term muscularis

muscul-aris

the cystic and hepatic duct form the--bile duct -basic -distal -convoluted -common

on the underside of the live is the (gallbladder) which stores and concentrates the bile that the liver produces. The (cystic duct) from the gallbladder joins with the (hepatic duct) to form the common bile duct. The system of ducts to get the bile from the liver to the duodenum is called the biliary tract. *common

amylase

one of a group of enzymes that break down starch

transcriptionist

one who makes a copy of dictated material

mucosa

or mucous membrane- the layer containing the epithelial cells that line the tract, intestinal glands that secrete the digestive enzymes, and supportive connective tissue. Fingerlike shapes of mucosa called villi project into the lumen of the intestine.

Deglutition

or swallowing, moes the BOLUS of food from the mouth into the esophagus. PERISTALSIS, or waves of contraction and relaxation, moves material through most of the alimentary canal.

deconstruct the term oropharynx

or-o-pharynx

acinar cells are enzyme secreting cells of the: -gall bladder -liver -pancreas -kidneys

pancreas

pancreatitis

pancreat-itis

any small projection is the definition of which of the following

papilla

spell the plural form of the term papilla

papillae

the enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down protein is: -glycogen -pepsin -fibrinogen -prolactin

pepsin

which of the following terms is defined as around the tooth? -orthodontist -orthodontics -periodontist -periodontal

periodontal

segmental (adj)

pertaining to a segment

digestive (adj)

pertaining to digestion

laparoscopic (adj)

pertaining to laparoscopy

lymphatic (adj)

pertaining to lumph

alimentary

pertaining to the digestive track

oral

pertaining to the mouth

nasogastric

pertaining to the nose and stomach

gastric

pertaining to the stomach

Gastrointestinal (GI)

pertaining to the stomach and intestines

enzyme

protein that induces changes in other substances

deconstruct the term pyloric

pylor-ic

spell the term that means purulent discharge

pyorrhea

deconstruct the term reflux

re-flux

deconstruct the term regurgitation

re-gurgit-ation

deconstruct the term resection

re-sect-iom

the distal end of the sigmoid colon joins with the sigmoild

rectum

mass movement of feces in the colon and the desire to defecate is gastrocolic--------- -regurgitation -reflux -recoil -reflex

reflex

elimination

removal of waste material from the digestive tract

palate

roof of the mouth

which of the following terms is defined as the secretion in the mouth?

saliva

parotid glands

salivary gland located beside the ear

submandibular glands

salivary gland underneath the mandible

sublingual glands

salivary glands located under the tongue

which of the following is the noun form of the term secrete

secretion

taste

sensation from chemicals on the taste buds

distal to the descending colon, the.... colon makes an s-shaped curve as it descensd in the pelvis

sigmoid

boulus

single mass of a substance

the most common form of oral cancer occurs on the lip and is... cell carcinoma

squamous

the combining form gastr/o means

stomach

the large sac found between the esophagus and small intestine is called the>>>>>>

stomach

Deconstruct the term sublingual

sub-lingu-al

deconstruct the term submandibular

sub-mandibul-ar

roux-en-y

surgical procedure to reduce the size of the stomach

in the .... stomach acids are neutralized, fats are broken down, and pancreatic enzymes continue the chemical digestion process. -duodenum -liver -jejunum -diaphragm

the (duodenum) is the first 9 to 10 inches of the small intestine. It receives chyme from the stomach, together with pancreatic juices and bile. Here, stomach acid is neutralized, fats are broken up by the bile acids, and pancreatic enzymes take over chemical digestion.

deglutition

the act of swollowing

transcription

the action of making a copy of dictated material

secretion

the addition throughout the digestive tract of secretions that lubricate, liquefy, and digest the food. Mucus lubricates the food and the lining of the tract. Water liquefies the food to make it easier to digest and absorb. Enzymes break down the food.

diegestion

the breakdown of forms that can be transported to and absorbed into cells this process has two components

intestine intestinal (adj)

the digestive tube from stomach to anus

propulsion

the mechanical movement of food from the mouth to the anus. Normally, this takes 24 to 36 hours.

absorption

the movement of nutrient molecules out of the digestive tract and through the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood or lymph for transportation to body cells.

elimination

the process by which the unabsorbed residue of food is removed from the body.

ingestion

the selective intake of food into the mouth. alternatively, food can be inserted directly into the stomach via a (Nasogastric) or stomach tube.

masticate mastication (noun)

to chew

mastication

to chew

secrete secretion (noun)

to release or give off, as substances produced by cells

food is manipulated and held in place by the ... while chewing

tongue

bariatric

treatment of obesity

esophagus

tube linking the pharynx and the stomach

which of the following is defined as an erosion of an area of skin or mucosa

ulcer

deconstruct the term ulceration

ulcer-ation

sublingual

underneath the tongue

maxilla

upper jaw

absorption absorb (verb)

uptake of nutrients and water by cells in the GI tract

the tenth cranial nerve is the:

vagus

peristalsis

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of alimentary canal wall to move food along the digestive trace