Chapter 51: Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function (Trauma, Infection, and Disease)
The most common source of osteomyelitis is
an infection that migrates via the bloodstream (hematogenous osteomyelitis)
A patient diagnosed with DM, smokes a pack of cigarettes daily, and eats very few green leafy vegetables. After experiencing a fractured toe, this patient is at risk for
delayed healing
Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to
initiate action to have the cast split or removed *signs of compartment syndrome, emergent decompression needed
Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage
myasthenia gravis
Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is
nicotine use
Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of
noncontractile tissue injury
A bone disorder that results from insufficient Vitamin D is referred to as....?
osteomalacia
A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)...?
osteosarcoma
A unique characteristic feature of fibromyalgia is the presence of
tender point pain
Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when
the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone
Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is
1st step: development of blood clot beneath the periosteum
The person at the highest risk for a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age ....?
8
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which
ACH receptors are destroyed or dysfunctional
What type of fracture generally occurs in children?
Greenstick
Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency?
Osteomalacia
The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as?
Paget's Disease
Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of
Vitamin D
Most muscle strains are cause by
abnormal muscle contraction
The complication which is not likely to result from a compound, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is?
air embolus
People who have osteoporosis are at risk for
bone fractures
The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is
bone pain
A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is
broken and protruding through the skin *Comminuted - two or more pieces Incomplete - cracked, not separated longitudinal - broken along the long axis
Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called?
bursitis
Pain in fibromyalgia involves
changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord
A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is referred to as?
comminuted
A risk factor for osteoporosis is?
early menopause
In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because of
estrogen deficiency
Paget's disease is characterized by
excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone
[sata] Manifestations of fibromyalgia often include
generalized pain headaches fatigue sleep disturbance
Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are
genetically transmitted
The most common type of osteomyelitis is
hematogenous
The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves
inadequate mineralization in the osteoid
[sata] Characteristics of scoliosis include
involvement of lateral curvature of the spine increase during periods of rapid growth identifiable by uneven shoulders or scapular prominence possibility of leading to respiratory complications
The most common site affected in Paget's disease is the
lower spine
Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called?
malunion
The disease that is similar to osteomalacia and occurs in growing children is?
rickets
Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to
soft-tissue damage
The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces partially lose contact with each other is called?
subluxation (partial dislocation of joints)
