Chapter 51: Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function (Trauma, Infection, and Disease)

The most common source of osteomyelitis is

an infection that migrates via the bloodstream (hematogenous osteomyelitis)

A patient diagnosed with DM, smokes a pack of cigarettes daily, and eats very few green leafy vegetables. After experiencing a fractured toe, this patient is at risk for

delayed healing

Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to

initiate action to have the cast split or removed *signs of compartment syndrome, emergent decompression needed

Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage

myasthenia gravis

Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is

nicotine use

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of

noncontractile tissue injury

A bone disorder that results from insufficient Vitamin D is referred to as....?

osteomalacia

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)...?

osteosarcoma

A unique characteristic feature of fibromyalgia is the presence of

tender point pain

Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when

the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone

Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is

1st step: development of blood clot beneath the periosteum

The person at the highest risk for a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age ....?

8

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which

ACH receptors are destroyed or dysfunctional

What type of fracture generally occurs in children?

Greenstick

Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency?

Osteomalacia

The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as?

Paget's Disease

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of

Vitamin D

Most muscle strains are cause by

abnormal muscle contraction

The complication which is not likely to result from a compound, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is?

air embolus

People who have osteoporosis are at risk for

bone fractures

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is

bone pain

A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is

broken and protruding through the skin *Comminuted - two or more pieces Incomplete - cracked, not separated longitudinal - broken along the long axis

Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called?

bursitis

Pain in fibromyalgia involves

changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord

A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is referred to as?

comminuted

A risk factor for osteoporosis is?

early menopause

In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because of

estrogen deficiency

Paget's disease is characterized by

excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone

[sata] Manifestations of fibromyalgia often include

generalized pain headaches fatigue sleep disturbance

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are

genetically transmitted

The most common type of osteomyelitis is

hematogenous

The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves

inadequate mineralization in the osteoid

[sata] Characteristics of scoliosis include

involvement of lateral curvature of the spine increase during periods of rapid growth identifiable by uneven shoulders or scapular prominence possibility of leading to respiratory complications

The most common site affected in Paget's disease is the

lower spine

Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called?

malunion

The disease that is similar to osteomalacia and occurs in growing children is?

rickets

Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to

soft-tissue damage

The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces partially lose contact with each other is called?

subluxation (partial dislocation of joints)