Chapter 6

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which behavior(s) would be considered deviant using the normative approach?

A child belches in public and is given judgmental reactions from strangers. A man accidentally bumps into a stranger and apologizes. A teenager cuts in line at a grocery store and is reprimanded by other shoppers.

The perspective that maintains that deviance is socially constructed and subjective is the ______ perspective.

relativist

Cheryl believes that smoking marijuana is an inherently deviant behavior even though it is becoming socially accepted and legal in some states. Cheryl possesses a relativist perspective on deviant behavior.

False

Deviance has been considered to be a socially learned behavior throughout all of history.

False

Durkheim argued that deviance and crime are the undoing of civilized society.

False

Durkheim held that deviant behavior is dysfunctional.

False

Once a person's identity has been spoiled by being labeled deviant or criminal, there is nothing they can do about it.

False

Su Lin has a reputation for breaking the rules. Because of this, she doesn't mind getting into trouble, and she decided to punch a peer after she became angry. This is an example of primary deviance.

False

How was Durkheim able to conclude that characteristics of society matter for deviance, including suicide?

He saw some countries had consistently high rates of suicide while others were consistently low.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Role engulfment is reflected in which of the following situations?

Jolandis can't find a date who will overlook his status as a drug distributor. Lenders won't give Rae a loan because of his criminal background. Carlie's criminal background is preventing her from finding a job.

Which person is committing an act of primary deviance?

No one saw Georgia take the lipstick without paying for it.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. What statement(s) would describe a society in a state of anomie?

People look the other way as stores are looted. The streets are in chaos as citizens riot against police.

A mother of a high school student wants a teacher fired for inappropriately touching his students. What is the most effective thing the parent can do to generate awareness of this problem?

Show evidence of the act that cannot be construed as anything less than deviant.

Amber believes that people should not be allowed to smoke cigarettes. She spends her free time passing out anti-smoking pamphlets and educating the public about lung cancer in an effort to change norms to align with her own worldview. Amber could be described as a moral entrepreneur.

True

If there is no consensus on what is unacceptable or abnormal, deviance doesn't exist.

True

In the legalistic approach, any violation of the law is deviant.

True

Suppose a person with a criminal background tries to behave in a way that makes them seem more likeable in an effort to overcome stigma. This is an example of the compensatory strategy called increased positivity.

True

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Suppose a person has exhibited deviant behavior. Which source(s) would be capable of giving a formal sanction for the offense?

a government agent a police officer

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of these are likely to be invisible stigmas?

a mental illness sexual orientation

A man who was accused of spousal abuse said he did nothing wrong because "she asked for it." He is justifying his behavior by using ______.

a technique of neutralization

Recently, instances of hate crimes have increased significantly and hate messages are becoming more prevalent on social media. Some might say that society has normalized this behavior so that it is no longer deviant. If indeed segments of society have lost their moral force, Durkheim would posit that they are in a state of ______.

anomie

Calloway asked the judge to consider his reason for robbing the grocery store: to feed his children. Which technique of neutralization did Calloway attempt?

appeal to higher loyalties

According to Durkheim, the main function of punishment is to ______.

assert our shared values

When Maggie's parents found out her new boyfriend had a criminal record, they were very concerned. He explained to them that it happened when he was very young and he was a different person now. He had finished college and gotten a good job, and he volunteered every week at the homeless shelter. What was the boyfriend using to assuage Maggie's parents' fears?

compensatory strategies

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of these are examples of managing invisible stigmas?

concealment fabrication

People who hop over turnstiles at subway stations to avoid paying fare are regularly punished by the police. Some believe this rule is upheld by the wealthy to oppress the poor, a view that aligns with the ______ perspective.

critical

Troy was convicted of assaulting a peer at a party and claims the act was accidental and caused by alcohol being involved. Which technique of neutralization did Troy use?

denial of responsibility

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following are considered techniques of neutralization?

denial of victim appeal to higher loyalties

Labeling theory relies on the idea that is the gist of the Thomas Theorem, which is ______.

if men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences

What two steps are required in order to create public morality?

generating awareness and moral conversion

Vai didn't think anyone would mind if she took a box of paper clips from the office home with her. Under the ______ approach, this is considered deviant.

legalistic

Bryant is unable to stop stealing from convenience stores, so he has been diagnosed with kleptomania and is seeing a therapist. In the past, Bryant would have simply been jailed. What does this best exemplify?

medicalization of deviance

Suppose someone justified throwing a cigarette butt on the ground by saying "everybody does it." Which approach to defining deviance does this demonstrate?

statistical

The average salary of women in Nadia's company is $55,000. Nadia, however, makes $215,000. You could say that Nadia's salary is deviant using the ______ approach.

statistical

Who is often seen as a founder of sociology and transformed the scientific study of deviance in the late 19th century?

Émile Durkheim