Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
What is false in respect to cells' chromosomes?
Chromosomes only appear as a cell is about to divide.
What about the cytoskeleton is true?
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.
Which groups are primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?
Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has molecular components except __________.
a middle lamella
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.
have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.
nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles
The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.
nucleoid
Cells are small because __________.
of the geometric relationships between surface and volume
__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.
peroxisomes
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.
plasmodesmata
What is present in a prokaryotic cell?
ribosomes
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with what?
motor proteins
Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.
muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants
Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.
plasmodesmata; gap junctions
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.
secrete a lot of protein
Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts is not __________.
that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
the plasma membrane
The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________.
to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins
Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.
a human skin cell
The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________.
central vacuole
Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.
centrosomes; centrioles
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
cilia
The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell is __________.
in the cytoskeleton
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
in the rough ER
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus
The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________.
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.
with motor proteins
