chapter 6 BIO

Which of the following are the three principal effects of a human population that determine its impact on the environment (the IPAT model)?

population, affluence, technology

Predict which of the following United Nations funding proposals both Sylva and Seager might support.

A development plan to build schools for girls in a poverty-stricken country

The 2014 age-structure pyramid for Niger indicates that the population of Niger ________.

was increasing

In 2014, how many 25- to 29-year-old women lived in Niger?

about 0.6 million

In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country is likely to occur during ________.

stage 2, the transitional stage

Which statement most accurately describes recent population control efforts in China?

A One-Child Policy that is enforced through taxation and penalties has successfully controlled population growth.

Which part of the IPAT model represents the influence of wealth and its environmental impact?

A for affluence

There are approximately ________ people on Earth.

7.4 billion

IPAT stands for ________.

Impact, Population, Affluence, and Technology

In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the United States were to continue to grow at this rate, what would be the approximate population size of the United States in the year 2216?

1.3 billion

The world population growth peaked at ________% in the 1960s.

2.1

In 2016, the population of the United States was approximately 325 million people, with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.7%. If the population of the United States were to continue to grow at this rate, it would double around the year ________.

2116

What occurs during the final stage, the postindustrial stage, of the demographic transition model?

Both the birth rate and the death rate continue along at very low levels. Population sizes stabilize or decline slightly.

The nations with the highest rate of contraceptive use (84%) are the United Kingdom and ________.

China

________ is the world's most populous nation, home to ________ of the people living on Earth.

China; one-fifth

Sylva emphasizes the dangers to economies and social welfare systems from declining fertility rates. In comparison to Sylva, what would Seager say about declining fertility?

Declining fertility would provide many social benefits, such as less crowded schools and roads.

Douglas Sylva gives four reasons why government population control is bad policy. Which of the following statements represents one of his reasons?

Government influence over family size is prone to abuse.

Although Sylva and Seager seem to agree that couples should be able to make their own family planning decisions, they would disagree about which of the following statements?

Governments should provide resources and education for family planning.

What is the sex ratio in China because of the one-child policy?

It is skewed toward more males, causing a slowing in population growth.

The population policies of most nations are based on the Cornucopian view held by many economists. Under what idea do these policies operate?

Population growth is not a problem as long as resources can be replaced when depleted.

When an agrarian economy transitions to an industrial economy, what effect does it have on the population?

Population growth rate slows.

Of the following, which provides the most complete picture of whether a population of humans grows, shrinks, or remains stable?

Rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration

The colors of the bars on the graphs indicate the life stage of the people in that age class. What does it mean if a bar is colored red?

The people in that age class are past reproductive age.

Assuming that current trends continue, predict how the age structure of the Netherlands in 2034 will likely differ from that in 2014.

The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase.

Which statement describes the effects of having a total fertility rate of 2.1?

The value means that two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring will replace the average male and female in the population.

How do women cause a reduction in the total fertility rate?

Through empowerment, personal choice, and education

In the Netherlands in 2014, people between the ages of 45 and 54 made up the largest percentage of the population. What factor is most likely to have caused this bulge in the age pyramid?

a surge in the birth rate after World War II ended in 1945

In the Netherlands in 2014, which age classes contained the largest number of people?

adults between 45 and 54

A population in the post-industrial stage would be expected to have ________.

birth and death rates at low stable levels

According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________.

increases environmental impact

The most accurate terms describing the trend over the past 50 years for human use of natural resources are ________.

increasing and unsustainable

The transitional stage in the demographic model is initiated by ________.

industrialization

Based on a comparison of the age-structure pyramids, which of the following would likely be a higher priority in the Netherlands than in Niger?

providing long-term care for the elderly

John Seager describes several benefits of smaller families, including ____________.

reduced carbon emissions

What does the S that is sometimes included in the I = PAT equation stand for?

sensitivity, to denote how sensitive a given environment is to these pressures that cause more damage for sensitive habitats

Recent research suggests that ________ has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the past several decades.

soap operas

Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent?

the age classes, in 5-year ranges

Malthus was responsible for ________.

the idea that without social restrictions, increasing human population would lead to famine and war

What do the bars on the graphs represent?

the number of males and females in each age group

The "sensitivity factor" (S) that is often used in the IPAT (IPATS) model denotes ________.

the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures

When do smaller numbers of people have larger ecological footprints?

when they are from affluent, wealthier nations