Chapter 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood

Each molecule of hemoglobin can transport how many molecules of O2?

1 4 2 8 Answer 4

The lifespan of a human red blood cell is approximately

4 days. 4 months. 1 year. 1 month. Answer 4 months.

AB blood is called the universal recipient because AB blood lacks

A and B antibodies in the plasma.

Type O blood is the universal donor because this blood type is missing

A and B antigens on the red blood cells.

Blood type --- is considered the universal recipient.

AB

In the ABO system, the 4 different types of human blood are A, B, O and

AB

A person who has AB blood type expresses which antigen(s) on the surface of the red blood cells?

Both A and B

A patient who has neither type A or B antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes and produces anti-A and anti-B antibodies has type ______ blood.

O

A person with O+ blood would express which of the following on the surface of their red blood cells?

Rh factor

Based on their structure, the two major types of white blood cells are granular leukocytes and --- leukocytes.

agranular

Together, the monocytes and lymphocytes make up the

agranular leukocytes

Proteins in the blood that combine with pathogens in order to protect against pathogen invasion are called

antigens. antibodies. hormones. buffers. Answer antibodies

Red blood cells are produced by stem cells in the

bone marrow. large intestine. kidneys. heart. Answer bone marrow

The main function of platelets is to

clot blood.

The production of red blood cells is controlled by a hormone called

colony-stimulating factor. thrombopoietin. erythropoietin. thyroxine. Answer erythropoietin.

A child born without an enzyme necessary for the development of B and T lymphocytes will have SCID, or severe --- immunodeficiency.

combined

The three general categories of blood function are transport, regulation, and

defense

Match the following body systems to their interaction with the cardiovascular system.

digestive system - provides necessary molecules for blood protein formation and blood cell formation respiratory system - helps regulate acid/base balance and aids venous return lymphatic system - helps maintain blood volume by collecting excess fluid endocrine system - can increase blood pressure, regulate blood volume and aid with blood cell formation. urinary system - helps regulate blood-salt balance and blood volume

Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood

dissolved in the plasma. as bicarbonate ion. as carbaminohemoglobin. combined with hemoglobin. Answer as bicarbonate ion.

White blood cells are an important component of which body system?

endocrine nervous immune muscular Answer immune

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are the three types of

granular leukocytes.

Match the component of hemoglobin on the left to its description on the right.

heme - iron-containing group globin - protein with four polypeptides

The pigment molecule that transports oxygen in the red blood cells of humans is called

hemoglobin

The term that refers to the rupturing of red blood cells is

hemolysis

The force that prevents the loss of excessive plasma from the blood into the surrounding tissue is called

impermeable blood vessels. osmotic pressure. blood pressure. Answer osmotic pressure.

Select all structural components of hemoglobin.

iron heme nucleic acid copper four polypeptide chains Answer iron heme four polypeptide chains

A genetic condition that results in misshapen red blood cells that burst easily is

jaundice. sickle-cell disease. hemolytic disease of the newborn. pernicious anemia. Answer sickle-cell disease.

The hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells, is produced by the

kidneys. intestines. bone marrow. lungs. Answer kidneys

What term refers to cancer of the white blood cells?

leukemia

Red blood cells are produced by ______ cells in the red bone marrow

leukocyte stem fibroblast lymphocyte Answer stem

When it is time to recycle red blood cells, they are engulfed by phagocytic cells in which two organs?

liver brain spleen heart stomach Answer liver spleen

The primary transport medium of the human body is the

lymph. cerebrospinal fluid. blood. bile. Answer blood

About 91% of plasma is

lymph. proteins. water. salts. Answer water

In both appearance and function, mast cells most closely resemble which type of white blood cell?

lymphocyte neutrophil macrophage basophil Answer basophil

B cells and T cells are two types of

lymphocytes

Select all functions of plasma proteins.

maintain osmotic pressure buffer blood pH form blood clots

Connective tissue-dwelling cells that resemble basophils, and which release histamine associated with allergic reactions are called --- cells.

mast

Because the affected gene coding for the factor VIII clotting protein is located on the X chromosome, hemophilia A is

more common in males.

Persons who are Rh-______ will make antibodies after being exposed to the Rh antigen.

negative

Blood is which type of tissue?

nervous muscle epithelial connective Answer connective

One homeostatic function of plasma proteins is to help maintain --pressure to prevent excessive loss of fluid from the blood.

osmotic

Pathogens are destroyed by being engulfed during a process called

phagocytosis

The liquid portion of blood is called

plasma

Select the three types of formed elements found in human blood.

plasma platelets plasma proteins red blood cells white blood cells Answer platelets red blood cells white blood cells

Another term for a mature, antibody-secreting B cells is a(n)

plasma cell.

The two components of plasma that create most of the blood's osmotic pressure are

plasma proteins. vitamins. nutrients. water. salts. Answer plasma proteins. salts.

Which type of formed element functions in blood clotting?

platelet

The formed elements in human blood are red blood cells, white blood cells, and

platelets

Thrombocytopenia is the term for an insufficient number of

platelets

Which of the formed elements are actually fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes?

platelets

Which of the following are required for blood to clot? Select all that apply.

platelets clotting factors

Problems associated with Rh incompatibility are most likely to arise under what conditions? Select all that apply.

pregnant mother is Rh-negative during pregnancy after a first pregnancy father is Rh-positive

Select all of the following that describe basophils.

release histamine associated with allergic reactions nucleus is u-shaped or lobed take up a basic stain and appear dark-blue in color

Jaundice occurs when

the red blood cells are sickle-shaped. the kidneys fail to function properly. a person has too few red blood cells. heme accumulates in tissues Answer heme accumulates in tissues

Another term for platelets is

thrombocytes

If an abnormal clot spontaneously forms within an unbroken blood vessel, it is called a(n)

thrombus.

The transfer of blood from one individual to another is called

transfusion

A person with type A blood could donate red blood cells to people with which blood types?

type AB type A

A person with type O blood could donate blood to people with which blood types?

type AB type A type O type B

A person with type B blood could donate red blood cells to people with which blood types?

type B type AB

The cardiovascular system works with the --- system by transporting wastes to the kidneys to be excreted.

urinary

Granular and agranular are the two major types of --- blood cells.

white

Select all correct descriptions of white blood cells.

white blood cells are translucent unless stained white blood cells are larger than red blood cells

During blood clotting, which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

Thrombin

True or false: Hormones, wastes and lipids are transported by the blood.

True

True or false: Macrophages are derived from monocytes.

True

A person with type AB blood could donate red blood cells to people with which blood type?

Type AB

Place these steps in the formation of a blood clot in the correct chronological order, beginning with the first step at the top

1. A blood vessel is damaged. 2. A platelet plug forms. 3. Prothrombin is formed and converted to thrombin. 4. Fibrinogen is formed and converted to fibrin.

Human blood normally contains approximately how many white blood cells?

5,000-11,000 cells per L (liter) 5,000-11,000 cells per μL (microliter) 5,000-11,000 cells per mL (milliliter) Answer 5,000-11,000 cells per μL (microliter)

Fragmentation of megakaryocytes in red bone marrow produces formed elements called ---, or thrombocytes.

platelets

Match each type of white blood cell with its function.

basophils - promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues eosinophils - fight large parasites, such as worms lymphocytes - B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity monocytes - become macrophages in tissues neutrophils - phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris

Which of the following are characteristics of red blood cells?

biconcave shape contain a nucleus contain hemoglobin carry oxygen larger than white blood cells Answer biconcave shape contain hemoglobin carry oxygen

The five major types of white blood cells are monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, --- and ---

blank 1: eosinophils blank 2: basophils

Select all signs or symptoms that would be expected in a person with thrombocytopenia.

bleeding in the intestine bruising nosebleeds

Transport functions of the blood include transport of hormones, hemoglobin transport of oxygen, and

buffering of pH. destruction of pathogens. regulation of body temperature. distribution of nutrients. Answer distribution of nutrients.

Select all characteristics of mature red blood cells.

capable of cell division lack a nucleus lack a cytoskeleton carry out fermentation lack mitochondria Answer lack a nucleus carry out fermentation lack mitochondria

Select all substances transported by the blood.

carbon dioxide oxygen nutrients hormones lymph Answer carbon dioxide oxygen nutrients hormones

Select the three ways carbon dioxide is carried in the blood.

combined with hemoglobin as sodium chloride dissolved in the plasma bound to white blood cells as bicarbonate ion Answer combined with hemoglobin dissolved in the plasma as bicarbonate ion

Blood is considered to be a type of fluid ----tissue since it contains cells and a noncellular matrix.

connective

When oxygen binds to heme, hemoglobin assumes a slightly different shape and is called ____

deoxyhemoglobin oxyhemoglobin Answer oxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin that is carrying carbon dioxide is called

deoxyhemoglobin oxyhemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin. carboxyhemoglobin. Answer carbaminohemoglobin.

Red blood cells are also known as

erythrocytes and hemoglobin

The major sign that would be expected in a person with hemophilia is

excessive bleeding.

Select all of the following that are general functions of white blood cells.

fight infection defend against cancer cells

Select the two major components of the blood.

formed elements lymph platelets plasma interstitial fluid Answer formed elements plasma

The maintenance of blood pH, blood clotting, transportation of cholesterol, and maintenance of osmotic pressure are all functions of which blood component?

formed elements water plasma proteins salts Answer plasma proteins

Which of the following is a potential symptom of acute lymphocytic leukemia?

high blood pressure unable to sleep at night swelling in the neck and armpits blurred vision Answer swelling in the neck and armpits

If the liver fails to excrete heme from the breakdown of hemoglobin, it will accumulate in the tissues, causing a yellowing of the skin and eyes called

jaundice

Select all types of white blood cells that are granular leukocytes.

lymphocytes basophils eosinophils neutrophils monocytes Answer basophils eosinophils neutrophils

Select all of the following white blood cells that are classified as agranular leukocytes.

lymphocytes monocytes

Which of these white blood cell types are normally the least numerous in blood?

lymphocytes neutrophils basophils eosinophils Answer basophils

Which type of white blood cell is most directly involved in the protection of the body against parasitic infections?

monocyte eosinophil neutrophil basophil Answer eosinophil

When examining a stained blood smear, a cell that appears to be the largest type of WBC is most likely a

monocyte.

In a normal, healthy individual, the most abundant type of white blood cell present in the blood is the

monocyte. eosinophil. neutrophil. lymphocyte. Answer neutrophil

The agranular leukocytes are also called the

mononuclear leukocytes.

The most common symptom of anemia is

nausea. jaundice. fatigue. fever. Answer fatigue

When examining a stained blood smear, a cell that has a finely granular cytoplasm and a multilobed nucleus is most likely a

platelet. neutrophil. lymphocyte. monocyte. Answer neutrophil

The portion of the blood responsible for carrying dissolved salts, proteins, and buffers is the

platelets. white blood cells. red blood cells. plasma. Answer plasma

All of the categories of formed elements of human blood are produced by the

red bone marrow. spleen. yellow bone marrow. thymus. Answer red bone marrow.

Small, biconcave blood cells that lack a nucleus are ----- blood cells, or erythrocytes.

red or red blood cells

What is the name of the disease in which B and T cells are not formed therefore leaving an individual unable to fight infection?

severe combined immunodeficiency

Old red blood cells are broken down by macrophages in the

small intestine. bone marrow. liver and spleen. stomach. Answer liver and spleen.

Select all likely consequences of a thromboembolism.

stroke heart attack

Identify all of the symptoms that may indicate an individual has acute lymphocytic leukemia.

swelling in the neck lack of energy bruises that take longer than normal to heal

Which of the following describes sickle-cell disease? Select all that apply.

the heme part of hemoglobin is abnormal red blood cells take on a translucent appearance it can be caused by iron deficiency. red blood cells are misshapen it is a hereditary condition Answer red blood cells are misshapen it is a hereditary condition

A patient who has type B antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes and produces anti-A antibodies has type ______ blood.

B

A pregnant woman needs to be concerned about her fetus developing hemolytic disease of the newborn only if the woman is Rh and the father is Rh

Blank 1: - Blank 2: +

Which of the following does not have oxygen bound to it?

deoxyhemoglobin oxyhemoglobin Answer deoxyhemoglobin

Phagocytosis, antibodies, and blood clotting are components of which function of the blood?

defense regulation transport Answer defense

Platelets function mainly in blood

clotting

Cells that can divide and become the various types of blood cell are called

universal germ cells. formed elements. pluripotent stem cells. potent marrow. Answer pluripotent stem cells.

Select all functions of blood.

Combats pathogens Produces hormones Protects vital organs from trauma Transports gases Helps regulate body temperature Answer Combats pathogens Transports gases Helps regulate body temperature

True or false: Red blood cells have a highly active metabolism compared to most other cell types.

False

A cancer of white blood cells that involved uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes would be specifically called lymphocytic

Leukemia

Which two of the following descriptions apply to eosinophils?

They are involved in the phagocytosis of allergens associated with the inflammatory response. They have a bilobed nucleus

Select all correct characterizations of platelets.

They function in blood clotting They are more numerous in blood than white blood cells are.

Select all descriptions that apply to basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

All 3 have noticeable cytoplasmic granules. All 3 are white blood cells. All 3 have a nucleus.

Regardless of the cause, a person with an abnormally low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin has the general condition known as

anemia

Proteins formed by white blood cells that inactivate pathogens are called

antibodies or antibody

Blood is red because of the presence of which molecule?

antibodies. hemoglobin. plasmin. thrombin. Answer hemoglobin.

In response to the presence of foreign antigens, certain white blood cells (B cells) produce specific antigen-binding proteins called

antibody

A cell or other substance that is foreign to the body is called a/an

antigen.