Chapter 6 Cardiovascular System: Blood
Each molecule of hemoglobin can transport how many molecules of O2?
1 4 2 8 Answer 4
The lifespan of a human red blood cell is approximately
4 days. 4 months. 1 year. 1 month. Answer 4 months.
AB blood is called the universal recipient because AB blood lacks
A and B antibodies in the plasma.
Type O blood is the universal donor because this blood type is missing
A and B antigens on the red blood cells.
Blood type --- is considered the universal recipient.
AB
In the ABO system, the 4 different types of human blood are A, B, O and
AB
A person who has AB blood type expresses which antigen(s) on the surface of the red blood cells?
Both A and B
A patient who has neither type A or B antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes and produces anti-A and anti-B antibodies has type ______ blood.
O
A person with O+ blood would express which of the following on the surface of their red blood cells?
Rh factor
Based on their structure, the two major types of white blood cells are granular leukocytes and --- leukocytes.
agranular
Together, the monocytes and lymphocytes make up the
agranular leukocytes
Proteins in the blood that combine with pathogens in order to protect against pathogen invasion are called
antigens. antibodies. hormones. buffers. Answer antibodies
Red blood cells are produced by stem cells in the
bone marrow. large intestine. kidneys. heart. Answer bone marrow
The main function of platelets is to
clot blood.
The production of red blood cells is controlled by a hormone called
colony-stimulating factor. thrombopoietin. erythropoietin. thyroxine. Answer erythropoietin.
A child born without an enzyme necessary for the development of B and T lymphocytes will have SCID, or severe --- immunodeficiency.
combined
The three general categories of blood function are transport, regulation, and
defense
Match the following body systems to their interaction with the cardiovascular system.
digestive system - provides necessary molecules for blood protein formation and blood cell formation respiratory system - helps regulate acid/base balance and aids venous return lymphatic system - helps maintain blood volume by collecting excess fluid endocrine system - can increase blood pressure, regulate blood volume and aid with blood cell formation. urinary system - helps regulate blood-salt balance and blood volume
Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood
dissolved in the plasma. as bicarbonate ion. as carbaminohemoglobin. combined with hemoglobin. Answer as bicarbonate ion.
White blood cells are an important component of which body system?
endocrine nervous immune muscular Answer immune
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are the three types of
granular leukocytes.
Match the component of hemoglobin on the left to its description on the right.
heme - iron-containing group globin - protein with four polypeptides
The pigment molecule that transports oxygen in the red blood cells of humans is called
hemoglobin
The term that refers to the rupturing of red blood cells is
hemolysis
The force that prevents the loss of excessive plasma from the blood into the surrounding tissue is called
impermeable blood vessels. osmotic pressure. blood pressure. Answer osmotic pressure.
Select all structural components of hemoglobin.
iron heme nucleic acid copper four polypeptide chains Answer iron heme four polypeptide chains
A genetic condition that results in misshapen red blood cells that burst easily is
jaundice. sickle-cell disease. hemolytic disease of the newborn. pernicious anemia. Answer sickle-cell disease.
The hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells, is produced by the
kidneys. intestines. bone marrow. lungs. Answer kidneys
What term refers to cancer of the white blood cells?
leukemia
Red blood cells are produced by ______ cells in the red bone marrow
leukocyte stem fibroblast lymphocyte Answer stem
When it is time to recycle red blood cells, they are engulfed by phagocytic cells in which two organs?
liver brain spleen heart stomach Answer liver spleen
The primary transport medium of the human body is the
lymph. cerebrospinal fluid. blood. bile. Answer blood
About 91% of plasma is
lymph. proteins. water. salts. Answer water
In both appearance and function, mast cells most closely resemble which type of white blood cell?
lymphocyte neutrophil macrophage basophil Answer basophil
B cells and T cells are two types of
lymphocytes
Select all functions of plasma proteins.
maintain osmotic pressure buffer blood pH form blood clots
Connective tissue-dwelling cells that resemble basophils, and which release histamine associated with allergic reactions are called --- cells.
mast
Because the affected gene coding for the factor VIII clotting protein is located on the X chromosome, hemophilia A is
more common in males.
Persons who are Rh-______ will make antibodies after being exposed to the Rh antigen.
negative
Blood is which type of tissue?
nervous muscle epithelial connective Answer connective
One homeostatic function of plasma proteins is to help maintain --pressure to prevent excessive loss of fluid from the blood.
osmotic
Pathogens are destroyed by being engulfed during a process called
phagocytosis
The liquid portion of blood is called
plasma
Select the three types of formed elements found in human blood.
plasma platelets plasma proteins red blood cells white blood cells Answer platelets red blood cells white blood cells
Another term for a mature, antibody-secreting B cells is a(n)
plasma cell.
The two components of plasma that create most of the blood's osmotic pressure are
plasma proteins. vitamins. nutrients. water. salts. Answer plasma proteins. salts.
Which type of formed element functions in blood clotting?
platelet
The formed elements in human blood are red blood cells, white blood cells, and
platelets
Thrombocytopenia is the term for an insufficient number of
platelets
Which of the formed elements are actually fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes?
platelets
Which of the following are required for blood to clot? Select all that apply.
platelets clotting factors
Problems associated with Rh incompatibility are most likely to arise under what conditions? Select all that apply.
pregnant mother is Rh-negative during pregnancy after a first pregnancy father is Rh-positive
Select all of the following that describe basophils.
release histamine associated with allergic reactions nucleus is u-shaped or lobed take up a basic stain and appear dark-blue in color
Jaundice occurs when
the red blood cells are sickle-shaped. the kidneys fail to function properly. a person has too few red blood cells. heme accumulates in tissues Answer heme accumulates in tissues
Another term for platelets is
thrombocytes
If an abnormal clot spontaneously forms within an unbroken blood vessel, it is called a(n)
thrombus.
The transfer of blood from one individual to another is called
transfusion
A person with type A blood could donate red blood cells to people with which blood types?
type AB type A
A person with type O blood could donate blood to people with which blood types?
type AB type A type O type B
A person with type B blood could donate red blood cells to people with which blood types?
type B type AB
The cardiovascular system works with the --- system by transporting wastes to the kidneys to be excreted.
urinary
Granular and agranular are the two major types of --- blood cells.
white
Select all correct descriptions of white blood cells.
white blood cells are translucent unless stained white blood cells are larger than red blood cells
During blood clotting, which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
Thrombin
True or false: Hormones, wastes and lipids are transported by the blood.
True
True or false: Macrophages are derived from monocytes.
True
A person with type AB blood could donate red blood cells to people with which blood type?
Type AB
Place these steps in the formation of a blood clot in the correct chronological order, beginning with the first step at the top
1. A blood vessel is damaged. 2. A platelet plug forms. 3. Prothrombin is formed and converted to thrombin. 4. Fibrinogen is formed and converted to fibrin.
Human blood normally contains approximately how many white blood cells?
5,000-11,000 cells per L (liter) 5,000-11,000 cells per μL (microliter) 5,000-11,000 cells per mL (milliliter) Answer 5,000-11,000 cells per μL (microliter)
Fragmentation of megakaryocytes in red bone marrow produces formed elements called ---, or thrombocytes.
platelets
Match each type of white blood cell with its function.
basophils - promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues eosinophils - fight large parasites, such as worms lymphocytes - B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity monocytes - become macrophages in tissues neutrophils - phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris
Which of the following are characteristics of red blood cells?
biconcave shape contain a nucleus contain hemoglobin carry oxygen larger than white blood cells Answer biconcave shape contain hemoglobin carry oxygen
The five major types of white blood cells are monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, --- and ---
blank 1: eosinophils blank 2: basophils
Select all signs or symptoms that would be expected in a person with thrombocytopenia.
bleeding in the intestine bruising nosebleeds
Transport functions of the blood include transport of hormones, hemoglobin transport of oxygen, and
buffering of pH. destruction of pathogens. regulation of body temperature. distribution of nutrients. Answer distribution of nutrients.
Select all characteristics of mature red blood cells.
capable of cell division lack a nucleus lack a cytoskeleton carry out fermentation lack mitochondria Answer lack a nucleus carry out fermentation lack mitochondria
Select all substances transported by the blood.
carbon dioxide oxygen nutrients hormones lymph Answer carbon dioxide oxygen nutrients hormones
Select the three ways carbon dioxide is carried in the blood.
combined with hemoglobin as sodium chloride dissolved in the plasma bound to white blood cells as bicarbonate ion Answer combined with hemoglobin dissolved in the plasma as bicarbonate ion
Blood is considered to be a type of fluid ----tissue since it contains cells and a noncellular matrix.
connective
When oxygen binds to heme, hemoglobin assumes a slightly different shape and is called ____
deoxyhemoglobin oxyhemoglobin Answer oxyhemoglobin
Hemoglobin that is carrying carbon dioxide is called
deoxyhemoglobin oxyhemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin. carboxyhemoglobin. Answer carbaminohemoglobin.
Red blood cells are also known as
erythrocytes and hemoglobin
The major sign that would be expected in a person with hemophilia is
excessive bleeding.
Select all of the following that are general functions of white blood cells.
fight infection defend against cancer cells
Select the two major components of the blood.
formed elements lymph platelets plasma interstitial fluid Answer formed elements plasma
The maintenance of blood pH, blood clotting, transportation of cholesterol, and maintenance of osmotic pressure are all functions of which blood component?
formed elements water plasma proteins salts Answer plasma proteins
Which of the following is a potential symptom of acute lymphocytic leukemia?
high blood pressure unable to sleep at night swelling in the neck and armpits blurred vision Answer swelling in the neck and armpits
If the liver fails to excrete heme from the breakdown of hemoglobin, it will accumulate in the tissues, causing a yellowing of the skin and eyes called
jaundice
Select all types of white blood cells that are granular leukocytes.
lymphocytes basophils eosinophils neutrophils monocytes Answer basophils eosinophils neutrophils
Select all of the following white blood cells that are classified as agranular leukocytes.
lymphocytes monocytes
Which of these white blood cell types are normally the least numerous in blood?
lymphocytes neutrophils basophils eosinophils Answer basophils
Which type of white blood cell is most directly involved in the protection of the body against parasitic infections?
monocyte eosinophil neutrophil basophil Answer eosinophil
When examining a stained blood smear, a cell that appears to be the largest type of WBC is most likely a
monocyte.
In a normal, healthy individual, the most abundant type of white blood cell present in the blood is the
monocyte. eosinophil. neutrophil. lymphocyte. Answer neutrophil
The agranular leukocytes are also called the
mononuclear leukocytes.
The most common symptom of anemia is
nausea. jaundice. fatigue. fever. Answer fatigue
When examining a stained blood smear, a cell that has a finely granular cytoplasm and a multilobed nucleus is most likely a
platelet. neutrophil. lymphocyte. monocyte. Answer neutrophil
The portion of the blood responsible for carrying dissolved salts, proteins, and buffers is the
platelets. white blood cells. red blood cells. plasma. Answer plasma
All of the categories of formed elements of human blood are produced by the
red bone marrow. spleen. yellow bone marrow. thymus. Answer red bone marrow.
Small, biconcave blood cells that lack a nucleus are ----- blood cells, or erythrocytes.
red or red blood cells
What is the name of the disease in which B and T cells are not formed therefore leaving an individual unable to fight infection?
severe combined immunodeficiency
Old red blood cells are broken down by macrophages in the
small intestine. bone marrow. liver and spleen. stomach. Answer liver and spleen.
Select all likely consequences of a thromboembolism.
stroke heart attack
Identify all of the symptoms that may indicate an individual has acute lymphocytic leukemia.
swelling in the neck lack of energy bruises that take longer than normal to heal
Which of the following describes sickle-cell disease? Select all that apply.
the heme part of hemoglobin is abnormal red blood cells take on a translucent appearance it can be caused by iron deficiency. red blood cells are misshapen it is a hereditary condition Answer red blood cells are misshapen it is a hereditary condition
A patient who has type B antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes and produces anti-A antibodies has type ______ blood.
B
A pregnant woman needs to be concerned about her fetus developing hemolytic disease of the newborn only if the woman is Rh and the father is Rh
Blank 1: - Blank 2: +
Which of the following does not have oxygen bound to it?
deoxyhemoglobin oxyhemoglobin Answer deoxyhemoglobin
Phagocytosis, antibodies, and blood clotting are components of which function of the blood?
defense regulation transport Answer defense
Platelets function mainly in blood
clotting
Cells that can divide and become the various types of blood cell are called
universal germ cells. formed elements. pluripotent stem cells. potent marrow. Answer pluripotent stem cells.
Select all functions of blood.
Combats pathogens Produces hormones Protects vital organs from trauma Transports gases Helps regulate body temperature Answer Combats pathogens Transports gases Helps regulate body temperature
True or false: Red blood cells have a highly active metabolism compared to most other cell types.
False
A cancer of white blood cells that involved uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes would be specifically called lymphocytic
Leukemia
Which two of the following descriptions apply to eosinophils?
They are involved in the phagocytosis of allergens associated with the inflammatory response. They have a bilobed nucleus
Select all correct characterizations of platelets.
They function in blood clotting They are more numerous in blood than white blood cells are.
Select all descriptions that apply to basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils.
All 3 have noticeable cytoplasmic granules. All 3 are white blood cells. All 3 have a nucleus.
Regardless of the cause, a person with an abnormally low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin has the general condition known as
anemia
Proteins formed by white blood cells that inactivate pathogens are called
antibodies or antibody
Blood is red because of the presence of which molecule?
antibodies. hemoglobin. plasmin. thrombin. Answer hemoglobin.
In response to the presence of foreign antigens, certain white blood cells (B cells) produce specific antigen-binding proteins called
antibody
A cell or other substance that is foreign to the body is called a/an
antigen.