Chapter 6 Drag and drop
in the body. carotene is converted to _______ _
Vitamin A
vasodilation
1. sitting in the sun on a warm day 2. running on the treadmill at the gym
excretion
by sweating, bodies releases small amounts of urea, uric acid, and ammonia
normal skin color is a result of the combination of hemoglobin, melanin, and ________
carotene
lines of cleavage indicate the predominant orientation of ________ fibers in the skin
collagen
vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels results in ___________ of heat
conservation
the subcutaneous layer is ____ to the dermis
deep
fingernails __ protect the digits from damage
do
nails form on the ______ edges of the fingers and toes
dorsal
the components of the subcutaneous layer allow it to provide __________ for the body
insulation
the amount of melanin in the skin __ partially determined by heredity
is
vasodilation of dermal blood vessels results in ____ of body heat
loss
the whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body is the
lunula
males have _______ ______ but they are only functional in _________ and pregnant women
mammary glands lactting
the black or brown pigment that is produced in response to light exposure is _______
melanin
mammary glands produce ____ so a mother can _______ a newly born infant
milk nourish
the layer of epidermis that is under the nail body is called the ____ ___
nail bed
the actively growing part of the nail is the ____ ______
nail matrix
the most proximal part of the nail is embedded in the skin is the ____ ____
nail root
if a person is experiencing vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels, their skin will look more ____ than usual
pale
squamous cell carcinoma
raised, reddened, scaley appearance
vitamin d production
sunlight (ultraviolet light) + skin molecule (7- dehydrocholesterol) = cholecalciferol
___________ is fun din areas subject to pressure or friction
thick skin
the subcutaneous layer is usually ______ in women than in men
thicker
in __________ each stratum stratum contains fewer layers of cells
thin skin
in __________ the stratum granulosum frequently consists of only one or two layers of cells
thin skin
the connective tissue fibers that extend from the dermis into the subcutaneous layer help _________ the skin in relation to underlying structures
stabilize
composed of cuboidal and columnar cells, the _______ ______ contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells
stratum basale
the _______ _______ is made up of multiple layers of dead keratinocytes that regularly exfoliate
stratum corneum
carotene is acquired from yellow-orange __________
vegetables
the subcutaneous layer consists of areolar connective tissue and _______ connective tissue
adipose
the image in the bottom box, in which the incision runs parallel to the lines of cleavage, would result in a ______ healing time
faster
the most distal part of a nail is called the ____ ____
free edge
heat retention
hair on the scalp prevents a person from becoming cold
the oxygen binding protein that gives skin its reddish tint is __________
hemoglobin
if a person is experiencing vasodilation of dermal blood vessels, their skin will look more ____ than normal
pink
the image in the top box, in which the incision runs perpendicular to the lines of cleavage, would result in a ______ healing time
slower
nails are a scalelike modification of the _______ _______ layer of the _________
stratum corneum epidermis
the _______ ___________ is named for the presence of dark staining granules; keratinization begins in this layer
stratum granulosum
the next layer is the _______ _______, which is present only on the soles of the feet, hands, finger, and toes
stratum lucidum
toward the apical surface, in the _______ ________ the keratinocytes cease cell division. epidermal sendritic cells are in this layer
stratum spinosum
mammary glands are modified _____ ______ and can be found in the _______
sweat glands breasts
sensory reception
tactile receptors detect light touch
stratum lucidum
the clear layer, which is think and translucent region about two to three cell layers thick
stratum basale
the deepest epidermal layer, which is highly attached to the underlying basement membrane
sensation
the integumentary system has sensory temperature, touch, and pain receptors
stratum granulosum
the middle layer. consists of three to five layers of keratinocytes
stratum corneum
the most superficial layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead, scaly keratinized cells
stratum spinosum
the second deepest layer, also known as the spiny layer
_______ is found on the palms of the hands, fingertips, and soles of the feet
thick skin
__________ contains all five epithelial strata
thick skin
in _______ the stratum corneum has many layers of cells
thick skin
visual identification
thicker or thinner hair, as well as length, helps with recognition
_________ covers the majority of the body
thin skin
hair is found only in
thin skin
in ___________ the stratum lucidum generally is absent
thin skin
in response to cold temperatures outside, dermal blood vessels _____________
vasoconstrict
in response to hot temperatures outside, dermal blood vessels __________
vasodilate
third degree
1. all of the dermis is affected 2. skin grafts may be required 3. sometimes muscle and bone are destroyed
thin skin
1. contains sebaceous glands 2. does not include the stratum lucidum 3. contains hair follicles 4. found over most of the body
merocrine
1. found distributed over entire body 2. thermoregulation 3. abundant in hands, feet., and forehead
apocrine
1. found mostly in the area of pubic, axillary, and beard hair 2. not active until puberty 3. scent is meant to attract a potential mate
thick skin
1. found on the palms of the hands 2. found on the soles of the feet 3. does not contain hair follicles 4. contains all five epidermal strata
vasoconstriction
1. going outside on a cold day 2. jumping into a cold pool
chemical signal dispersal
1. hairs disperse pheromones 2. pheromones are involved with attracting members of the opposite sex
melanoma
1. if metastasized, the deadliest skin cancer 2. arises from the cells that protect from UV light 3. the least common skin cancer 4. caused by mutations commonly found in moles
temperature regulation
1. if the body becomes too hot, the dermis of the skin contains a large number of blood vessels that increase in size to allow for increased heat loss 2. if the body becomes too hot, sweat glands release their contents to help control and/or cool our internal temperature
protection
1. melanocytes produce pigment granules that protect DNA from ultraviolet radiation 2. hairs within nostrils entrap particles and prevent them from being inhaled deeper 3. eyebrows prevent sweat on the forehead from dripping in the eyes
protection
1. melanocytes provide skin protection from ultraviolet light 2. langerhans cells are art of the immune system that attacks foreign material 3. skin contains a lipid barrier that prevents dehydration
basal cell carcinoma
1. most common type of skin cancer 2. seldom spreads to other tissues 3. arises from the deepest layer of the epidermis and may invade the dermis
sebaceous glands
1. oil producing 2. holocrine 3. sebum secreting 4. secretion is stimulated by hormones
second degree
1. part of the dermis is involved 2. severe sunburns and mant scalds
both
1. secrete sweat 2. utilize myoepithelial cells to secrete 3. utilize ducts to release sweat
ceruminous
1. secretes earwax 2. simple, coiled, tubular glands 3. waterproofs the ear canal
sebaceous
1. secretes sebum 2. usually opens up into a hair follicle 3. coats the scalp with oil 4. blockage and infection can cause pimples
first degree
1. seldom leaves scars 2. causes redness, slight edema, and pain 3. may heal in a few days
sudoriferious glands
1. sweat secreting 2. merocrine 3. secretion is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system 4. apocrine 5. aid in thermoregulation 6. secretes directly onto skin surface