Chapter 6 Drag and drop

in the body. carotene is converted to _______ _

Vitamin A

vasodilation

1. sitting in the sun on a warm day 2. running on the treadmill at the gym

excretion

by sweating, bodies releases small amounts of urea, uric acid, and ammonia

normal skin color is a result of the combination of hemoglobin, melanin, and ________

carotene

lines of cleavage indicate the predominant orientation of ________ fibers in the skin

collagen

vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels results in ___________ of heat

conservation

the subcutaneous layer is ____ to the dermis

deep

fingernails __ protect the digits from damage

do

nails form on the ______ edges of the fingers and toes

dorsal

the components of the subcutaneous layer allow it to provide __________ for the body

insulation

the amount of melanin in the skin __ partially determined by heredity

is

vasodilation of dermal blood vessels results in ____ of body heat

loss

the whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body is the

lunula

males have _______ ______ but they are only functional in _________ and pregnant women

mammary glands lactting

the black or brown pigment that is produced in response to light exposure is _______

melanin

mammary glands produce ____ so a mother can _______ a newly born infant

milk nourish

the layer of epidermis that is under the nail body is called the ____ ___

nail bed

the actively growing part of the nail is the ____ ______

nail matrix

the most proximal part of the nail is embedded in the skin is the ____ ____

nail root

if a person is experiencing vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels, their skin will look more ____ than usual

pale

squamous cell carcinoma

raised, reddened, scaley appearance

vitamin d production

sunlight (ultraviolet light) + skin molecule (7- dehydrocholesterol) = cholecalciferol

___________ is fun din areas subject to pressure or friction

thick skin

the subcutaneous layer is usually ______ in women than in men

thicker

in __________ each stratum stratum contains fewer layers of cells

thin skin

in __________ the stratum granulosum frequently consists of only one or two layers of cells

thin skin

the connective tissue fibers that extend from the dermis into the subcutaneous layer help _________ the skin in relation to underlying structures

stabilize

composed of cuboidal and columnar cells, the _______ ______ contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells

stratum basale

the _______ _______ is made up of multiple layers of dead keratinocytes that regularly exfoliate

stratum corneum

carotene is acquired from yellow-orange __________

vegetables

the subcutaneous layer consists of areolar connective tissue and _______ connective tissue

adipose

the image in the bottom box, in which the incision runs parallel to the lines of cleavage, would result in a ______ healing time

faster

the most distal part of a nail is called the ____ ____

free edge

heat retention

hair on the scalp prevents a person from becoming cold

the oxygen binding protein that gives skin its reddish tint is __________

hemoglobin

if a person is experiencing vasodilation of dermal blood vessels, their skin will look more ____ than normal

pink

the image in the top box, in which the incision runs perpendicular to the lines of cleavage, would result in a ______ healing time

slower

nails are a scalelike modification of the _______ _______ layer of the _________

stratum corneum epidermis

the _______ ___________ is named for the presence of dark staining granules; keratinization begins in this layer

stratum granulosum

the next layer is the _______ _______, which is present only on the soles of the feet, hands, finger, and toes

stratum lucidum

toward the apical surface, in the _______ ________ the keratinocytes cease cell division. epidermal sendritic cells are in this layer

stratum spinosum

mammary glands are modified _____ ______ and can be found in the _______

sweat glands breasts

sensory reception

tactile receptors detect light touch

stratum lucidum

the clear layer, which is think and translucent region about two to three cell layers thick

stratum basale

the deepest epidermal layer, which is highly attached to the underlying basement membrane

sensation

the integumentary system has sensory temperature, touch, and pain receptors

stratum granulosum

the middle layer. consists of three to five layers of keratinocytes

stratum corneum

the most superficial layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead, scaly keratinized cells

stratum spinosum

the second deepest layer, also known as the spiny layer

_______ is found on the palms of the hands, fingertips, and soles of the feet

thick skin

__________ contains all five epithelial strata

thick skin

in _______ the stratum corneum has many layers of cells

thick skin

visual identification

thicker or thinner hair, as well as length, helps with recognition

_________ covers the majority of the body

thin skin

hair is found only in

thin skin

in ___________ the stratum lucidum generally is absent

thin skin

in response to cold temperatures outside, dermal blood vessels _____________

vasoconstrict

in response to hot temperatures outside, dermal blood vessels __________

vasodilate

third degree

1. all of the dermis is affected 2. skin grafts may be required 3. sometimes muscle and bone are destroyed

thin skin

1. contains sebaceous glands 2. does not include the stratum lucidum 3. contains hair follicles 4. found over most of the body

merocrine

1. found distributed over entire body 2. thermoregulation 3. abundant in hands, feet., and forehead

apocrine

1. found mostly in the area of pubic, axillary, and beard hair 2. not active until puberty 3. scent is meant to attract a potential mate

thick skin

1. found on the palms of the hands 2. found on the soles of the feet 3. does not contain hair follicles 4. contains all five epidermal strata

vasoconstriction

1. going outside on a cold day 2. jumping into a cold pool

chemical signal dispersal

1. hairs disperse pheromones 2. pheromones are involved with attracting members of the opposite sex

melanoma

1. if metastasized, the deadliest skin cancer 2. arises from the cells that protect from UV light 3. the least common skin cancer 4. caused by mutations commonly found in moles

temperature regulation

1. if the body becomes too hot, the dermis of the skin contains a large number of blood vessels that increase in size to allow for increased heat loss 2. if the body becomes too hot, sweat glands release their contents to help control and/or cool our internal temperature

protection

1. melanocytes produce pigment granules that protect DNA from ultraviolet radiation 2. hairs within nostrils entrap particles and prevent them from being inhaled deeper 3. eyebrows prevent sweat on the forehead from dripping in the eyes

protection

1. melanocytes provide skin protection from ultraviolet light 2. langerhans cells are art of the immune system that attacks foreign material 3. skin contains a lipid barrier that prevents dehydration

basal cell carcinoma

1. most common type of skin cancer 2. seldom spreads to other tissues 3. arises from the deepest layer of the epidermis and may invade the dermis

sebaceous glands

1. oil producing 2. holocrine 3. sebum secreting 4. secretion is stimulated by hormones

second degree

1. part of the dermis is involved 2. severe sunburns and mant scalds

both

1. secrete sweat 2. utilize myoepithelial cells to secrete 3. utilize ducts to release sweat

ceruminous

1. secretes earwax 2. simple, coiled, tubular glands 3. waterproofs the ear canal

sebaceous

1. secretes sebum 2. usually opens up into a hair follicle 3. coats the scalp with oil 4. blockage and infection can cause pimples

first degree

1. seldom leaves scars 2. causes redness, slight edema, and pain 3. may heal in a few days

sudoriferious glands

1. sweat secreting 2. merocrine 3. secretion is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system 4. apocrine 5. aid in thermoregulation 6. secretes directly onto skin surface