Chapter 6: Integumentary System

Which layer of the integument has a small population of immune cells?

Stratum spinosum

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called what?

Tactile cells

Drugs are often injected into the subcutaneous layer because its extensive ( ) network promotes rapid absorption.

Vascular

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer

Acts as an energy reservoir. Provides thermal insulation. Protects the body.

The net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of ( ) away from the ( ) of the body.

Blood Periphery

In the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying ( ).

Blood vessels

Because an entire portion of skin has not been lost, and water cannot be retained in the area, a major concern with third degree burns is

Dehydration.

In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ( ) of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ( ) into the body.

Edges Pathogens

Immune cells found in the epidermis are called

Epidermal dendritic

Sebaceous glands are most abundant on the " " and " "

Face Scalp

Friction ridges are used as forensic tools because they can leave noticeable prints in touched surfaces, commonly known as what?

Fingerprints

Potential complications of a wound under repair include " " loss and " "

Fluid Infection

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ( ) weeks.

Four

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ( )?

Heat Cold Vibration Pressure

Within the stratum granulosum begins a process called ( ) by which the keratinocytes fill up with the protein ( ).

Keratinization Keratin

Stratum spinosum

Keratinocytes attached to neighbors by desmosomes

Tactile cells are described best as

Large epithelial cells Can be stimulated by light pressure Can be stimulated by light touch Also called merkel cells

Scattered amount the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment producing cells called ( ). These cells manufacture the pigment ( ) and package the pigment into granules called ( ).

Melanocytes Melanin Melanosomes

Stratum corneum

Most superficial layer of epidermis

The skin contains the following accessories:

Nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

Which is a possible description of the skin's form and function?

Barrier Washable Indicator of health Self renewing

In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum( ), stratum( ), and stratum( ).

Basale Spinosum Granulosum

The epidermis lacks...

Collagen fibers Adipose tissue Blood vessels

Cold can result in blood vessel ( ), in the dermis, to ( ) blood flow which allows the body to conserve heat.

Constriction Reduce

Stratum basale

Contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells

As skin ages, collagen fibers in the dermis ( ) in number and organization, and elastic fibers ( ) their elasticity.

Decrease Lose

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ( ), an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

Eleidin

Stratum granulosm

Keratinization begins in this layer

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis:

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Sebaceous glands produce an ( ) material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface.

Oily.

Stratum lucidum

Seen only in thick skin

In first degree burns, the healing time averages about ( ) days, and typically no scarring results.

3-5

In the first step of wound healing, the blood brings which of the following?

Antibodies Clotting proteins White blood cells

Many cells in the epidermis produce what when exposed to UV radiation?

Cholecalciferol Vitamin D3

Merocrine sweat production( )during the aging process.

Diminishes

Match the function of skin with its description.

Protection: acts as a physical barrier to physical injury, trauma, bumps, and scrapes. Prevents water loss: epidermis is water resistant. Temperature regulation: influenced by vast capillary networks and sweat glands in the dermis. Sensory Reception: nerve endings that detect heat, cold, touch.

Capillary hemangiomas or strawberry colored birthmarks, appear in the skin as bright ( ) to deep ( ) nodules that usually disappear in childhood.

Red Purple

In the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ( ) and grow in the wound.

Regenerate.

Damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two ways:

Regeneration Scar formation

The major function of metro time sweat glands are

Secretion Protection Thermoregulation

As a result of the aging process, hair follicles can actually ( ) production of hairs.

Stop

Friction ridges assume the shapes of complex arches and whorls in ( ) skin.

Thick

True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.

True.

Second-degree burns involve the ( ) and part of the ( ).

Epidermis Dermis