Chapter 6: Integumentary System
Which layer of the integument has a small population of immune cells?
Stratum spinosum
Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called what?
Tactile cells
Drugs are often injected into the subcutaneous layer because its extensive ( ) network promotes rapid absorption.
Vascular
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer
Acts as an energy reservoir. Provides thermal insulation. Protects the body.
The net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of ( ) away from the ( ) of the body.
Blood Periphery
In the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying ( ).
Blood vessels
Because an entire portion of skin has not been lost, and water cannot be retained in the area, a major concern with third degree burns is
Dehydration.
In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ( ) of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ( ) into the body.
Edges Pathogens
Immune cells found in the epidermis are called
Epidermal dendritic
Sebaceous glands are most abundant on the " " and " "
Face Scalp
Friction ridges are used as forensic tools because they can leave noticeable prints in touched surfaces, commonly known as what?
Fingerprints
Potential complications of a wound under repair include " " loss and " "
Fluid Infection
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ( ) weeks.
Four
Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ( )?
Heat Cold Vibration Pressure
Within the stratum granulosum begins a process called ( ) by which the keratinocytes fill up with the protein ( ).
Keratinization Keratin
Stratum spinosum
Keratinocytes attached to neighbors by desmosomes
Tactile cells are described best as
Large epithelial cells Can be stimulated by light pressure Can be stimulated by light touch Also called merkel cells
Scattered amount the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment producing cells called ( ). These cells manufacture the pigment ( ) and package the pigment into granules called ( ).
Melanocytes Melanin Melanosomes
Stratum corneum
Most superficial layer of epidermis
The skin contains the following accessories:
Nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
Which is a possible description of the skin's form and function?
Barrier Washable Indicator of health Self renewing
In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum( ), stratum( ), and stratum( ).
Basale Spinosum Granulosum
The epidermis lacks...
Collagen fibers Adipose tissue Blood vessels
Cold can result in blood vessel ( ), in the dermis, to ( ) blood flow which allows the body to conserve heat.
Constriction Reduce
Stratum basale
Contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells
As skin ages, collagen fibers in the dermis ( ) in number and organization, and elastic fibers ( ) their elasticity.
Decrease Lose
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ( ), an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.
Eleidin
Stratum granulosm
Keratinization begins in this layer
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis:
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Sebaceous glands produce an ( ) material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface.
Oily.
Stratum lucidum
Seen only in thick skin
In first degree burns, the healing time averages about ( ) days, and typically no scarring results.
3-5
In the first step of wound healing, the blood brings which of the following?
Antibodies Clotting proteins White blood cells
Many cells in the epidermis produce what when exposed to UV radiation?
Cholecalciferol Vitamin D3
Merocrine sweat production( )during the aging process.
Diminishes
Match the function of skin with its description.
Protection: acts as a physical barrier to physical injury, trauma, bumps, and scrapes. Prevents water loss: epidermis is water resistant. Temperature regulation: influenced by vast capillary networks and sweat glands in the dermis. Sensory Reception: nerve endings that detect heat, cold, touch.
Capillary hemangiomas or strawberry colored birthmarks, appear in the skin as bright ( ) to deep ( ) nodules that usually disappear in childhood.
Red Purple
In the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ( ) and grow in the wound.
Regenerate.
Damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two ways:
Regeneration Scar formation
The major function of metro time sweat glands are
Secretion Protection Thermoregulation
As a result of the aging process, hair follicles can actually ( ) production of hairs.
Stop
Friction ridges assume the shapes of complex arches and whorls in ( ) skin.
Thick
True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.
True.
Second-degree burns involve the ( ) and part of the ( ).
Epidermis Dermis