Chapter 6 Key Terms

Punternet

A UK based website designed for individuals to post reviews of escorts and sex workers

Internet Watch Foundation (IWF)

A UK-based charitable organization that is focused on reducing the amount of child pornography and exploitation materials hosted worldwide, along with criminally obscene adult content

ThinkUKnow

A UK-based program designed to educate children and adults about threats to youth safety

Child Victim Identification Program (CVIP)

A US FBI-led program that examines images of child pornography in order to determine the identity and location of child victims

Endangered Child Alert Program (ECAP)

A US FBI-led program that seeks to identify the adults featured in some child exploitation content so they may be brought to justice

Truth in Domain Names Act of 2003

A US law that makes is illegal for individuals to create domain names that are misleading or designed to directly expose individuals to pornographic content without their knowledge

Massage parlor

A business that operates as a supposedly legitimate massage clinic but actually provides sexual services to clients

Financial Coalition Against Child Pornography (FCACP)

A coalition comprised of 39 financial institutions and Internet service provides who are jointly operating to take complaints of child pornography and disrupt the businesses that are engaged in the sale of or profit generation from this content

video cassette

A form of media utilizing magnetic tape that could record and store visual and audio content

video cassette recorders (VCRs)

A form of technology that allows individuals to watch and record media using magnetic cassette tapes

International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children (ICMEC)

A non-profit agency with a similar mission to the NCMEC, though it is focues on building partnerships in a global context to better investigate child exploitation cases and build the legal capacity of nations so that there is consistency in laws to prosecute these offenses

Carnegie Mellon Report

A report published by a student at Carnegie Mellon University which suggested that over 80 percent of images on the Internet involved sexually explicit content. The findings were subsequently debunked.

Child love

A term used by pedophiles to describe their sexual attraction to youth

Tricks

A term used by sex workers to describe their clients or customers

Girlfriend Experience (GFE)

A term used by the customers of prostitutes to refer to a sexual experience meant to feel like a consensual relationship with no money involved

Johns

A term used to refer to the customers of prostitutes

Streetwalker (SW)

A term used to reference a street-walking prostitute in online forums

Your mileage may vary (YMMV)

A terms in reference to the variation in encounters with sex workers.

Escort

A type of sex worker who operates behind closed doors and typically makes appointments with clients rather that soliciting publicly

Networking

A way in which those who have sexual attraction to children may misuse the Internet to communicate and share ideas with like-minded persons

.xxx domain

A web domain address that provides a voluntary option for individuals to host pornographic content online

Age Verification Services (AVS)

A web-based service that, upon entry into a website, verifies the age of an individual via either a valid credit card or a driver's license

BigDoggie

A website that enables individuals to access and post reviews of escort services

CyberTipline

An electronic resource operated by the US National Center for Missing and Exploited Children that provides a way for individuals to report suspected incidents of child abuse, child pornography, and sexual exploitation online

Pedophile

An individual with a sexual attraction to individuals under the age of 18

Virtual Global Taskforce (VGT)

Established in 2003, an alliance of agencies and private industry that work together in order to identify, investigate, and respond to incidents of child exploitation

Beastiality

Experiencing sexual arousal from sex with animals

Necrophilia

Experiencing sexual arousal from sex with the dead

French Postcards

Images of nudes printed on postcard stock and sent through the mail to others

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

International organization that is responsible for the coordination and stability of the Internet over time

Obscene Publications Act (OPA) 1959

Law applicable in England and Wales that indicates any article may be obscene if its effect on the audience member who reads, views, or hears it is to "deprave and corrupt"

Operation Spade

Name given to a multinational investigation of a child pornography ring operating out of multiple nations to produce content

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC)

One of the key non-profit organizations in the US that deals with missing children and child exploitation. It performs multiple roles to facilitate the investigation of crimes against children

Rule 34

Online meme which states that "it is exists, there is pornographic content of it"

cam whores

Performers who engage in text-based conversations with individuals viewing them on streaming-video feeds and take requests for specific behaviors or sexual acts

Street prostitution

Prostitutes who solicit individuals on the street

Mileage

Term used by the customers of prostitutes in web forums to refer to the appearance of sex workers and their deterioration in appearance over time in the sex trade

Obscenity

Term used to refer to content that may be indecent, lewd, or vulgar, which varies based on the legal standards of a given nation

Child Protections Operations (CPO) Team

The Australian Federal Police team that investigates and coordinates the response to child exploitation cases both domestically and internationally.

Canadian National Child Exploitation Coordination Center (NCECC)

The Canadian agency that serves as a focal point of contact for online exploitation cases that cross jurisdictional boundaries within Canada or internationally

Child Exploitation and Online Protection (CEOP) Command

The FBI-operated agency that takes reports of exploitation, abuse and missing youth and will directly investigate threats and coordinate responses, depending on the scope of harm across multiple areas

US Postal Inspection Service

The US federal agency that investigates child pornography and other crimes that facilitated through the US mail

Sexual Fetishes

The experience of sexual arousal or enhancement of a romantic encounter based on the integration of physical objects or certain situations

Protection of Children Act 1978 (PCA)

The first UK-based legislation that made it illegal to obtain, make, distribute, or possess an indecent image of someone under the age of 18

Convention on Cybercrime

The first international treaty designed to address cybercrime and synchronize national laws on these offenses

Violent Crimes Against Children International Task Force (VCACITF)

The largest global task force in the world that investigates child exploitation cases.

Travelers

The misuse of the Internet by individuals who attempt to find children to molest through computer-mediated communications

Traders

The misuse of the Internet by individuals who traffic in child pornography

Grooming

The misuse of the Internet by using it to engage in inappropriate communication with children

Prostitution

The practice of paying for sex, which may or may not be illegal depending on place

Sexting

The practice of sending photos or videos of individuals in provocative outfits or engaging in sexually suggestive activities

Child pornography

The real or simulated depiction of sexual or sexualized physical abuse of children under 16 years of age, or who appear to be less than 16, that would offend a reasonable adult

Pornography

The representation of sexual situations and content for the purposes of sexual arousal and stimulation

Commodity

The way that the clients of sex workers describe prostitutes in online forums

Operation Rescue Me

This FBI-led program has been in operation since 2008 to identify victim of child exploitation based on their appearance in images or video of child pornography.

Child Exploitation Task Forces (CETF)

This FBI-operated task force provides a reactive and proactive response to online sexual exploitation cases and sex tourism practices

Coroners and Justice Act

This UK act extended the PCA to include all sexual images depicting youth under the age of 18, whether real or created.

Criminal Justice and Public Order Act

This UK act extended the PCA to include images that appear to be photos, so-called pseudo-photographs.

Obscene Publications Act 1857

This UK act made it illegal to sell, possess, or publish obscene material, which was not clearly defined in the law

Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (AKA CJ and Administration Act)

This UK law criminalized the possession of extreme pornography

Child Pornography Protection Act of 1996

This US Act extended existing laws regarding child pornography by establishing a new definition for this term, amending the criminal code under Title 18 to define child porn as "any visual depiction, including any photograph, film, video, picture, or computer or computer-generated image or picture of sexually explicit conduct."

Operation Predator

This US ICE-led program is designed to facilitate the investigation of child exploitation in the US and abroad

Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA)

This US federal act requires the implementation of filters in all schools that teach students from kindergarten through 12th grade.

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Agency

This US federal agency which manages the processing and prosecution of illegal immigrants and the movement of materials through the borders of the nation.

Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act (or PROTECT Act) of 2003

This US law criminalized virtual child pornography and extended the legal definition to include "a digital image. computer image, or computer-generated image that is, or is indistinguishable from, that of a minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct.

Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation Act 1977

This US law made it illegal for anyone under the age of 16 to participate in the visual production of sexually explicit materials, though this was revised to the age of 18 in 1986

Neighborhood Children's Internet Protection Act (NCIPA)

This US law requires Internet filtering technology in public libraries to block young people from accessing harmful content, including pornographic and obscene materials.

FBI's Violent Crimes Against Children (VCAC)

This US-based law enforcement agency investigates a range of sexual offenses and criminal activities that affect youth, ranging from child pornography to sex trafficking to kidnapping.

National Crime Agency (NCA)

UK national criminal justice agency that has both national and international reach and works in partnership with law enforcement organizations to particularly focus on serious and organized crime

Extreme Pornography

UK-centric definition for materials produced for the purpose of sexual arousal which depicts acts that "threaten a person's life; acts which result in or are likely to result in serious injury to a person's anus, breasts or genitals; beastiality; or necrophilia."

Miller v. California

US court case which established the definition of obscene content that is still in use today

Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC)

US-based local task forces that provide a mechanism for coordination between local, state, and federal law enforcement, as well as prosecutors, to combat child sex offenses.

Revenge Porn

Websites explicitly for individuals to post sexual images and videos they received or acquired for others to see without the consent of the creator