CHapter 6

Which of these enters the citric acid cycle?

acetyl CoA

A muscle cell deprived of molecular oxygen will convert glucose to lactic acid to _____.

recycle NADH through fermentation

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

The electron transport chain is, in essence, a series of redox reactions that conclude cellular respiration. During these redox reactions, _____.

NAD+ is reduced, which then oxidizes an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle?

This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Which statement describes glycolysis?

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the electron transport chain?

This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

acetyl CoA

The "eyes," or holes, in Swiss cheese result from _____.

carbon dioxide released by Propionibacter

Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis?

FADH2

In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.

pyruvate ... NADH

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis?

2

In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP.

2

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATP and NADH for each glucose molecule?

2 ATP and 2 NADH

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose breakdown?

ATP

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

In the first stage of cellular respiration, two molecules of pyruvate are produced. In the remaining stages, a number of products are produced, including _____. These stages occur in the _____.

CO2 ... mitochondria

What is the purpose of embedding the electron transport chain in the membrane of a cell?

The membrane is impermeable to H+.

What is the fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration?

They are used to form water.

Cellular respiration completely breaks down a glucose molecule through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. The majority of the energy the cell derives from glucose is _____.

found in NADH and FADH2

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration.

glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain

In muscle cells, fermentation produces _____.

lactate and NAD+

Primarily, cellular respiration serves to _____.

make ATP to power the cell's activities

The electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules. In eukaryotes, where can this structure be found?

mitochondria

In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain?

mitochondrion

In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____.

substrate-level phosphorylation

Bacteria are responsible for the _____.

taste of sourdough bread breakdown of food in a cow's stomach eyes in Swiss cheese

Lactobacillus sanfrancisco is responsible for which of the following?

the flavor of sourdough bread

Using the ATP generated during cellular respiration, the intermediates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle can be siphoned off and used _____.

to power the biosynthesis of amino acids, fats, and sugars