Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems

A mild degree of pain releases the neurotransmitter ____. A more intense pain also releases ____. a. glutamate; substance P b. GABA; substance P c. glutamate; dopamine d. GABA; dopamine

a: glutamate; substance P

To what lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent? a. occipital b. temporal c. parietal d. frontal

b. temporal

Most auditory information is sent to which hemisphere of the brain? a. the ipsilateral side b. the contralateral side c. the left hemisphere d. It depends on whether the individual is dominant for audition in the right or the left hemisphere

b. the contralateral side

Each spinal nerve has ____. a. either a sensory or a motor component b. both a sensory and a motor component c. connections to most parts of the body d. connections to each of the major internal organs

b: both a sensory and a motor component

Along each strip of somatosensory cortex, different sub-areas respond to ____. a. different types of receptors b. different areas of the body c. different parts of the cortex d. different types of transmitters

b: different areas of the body

Morphine and other opiate drugs decrease sensitivity to pain by ____. a. depleting substance P from parts of the nervous system b. mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses c. preventing sodium from crossing the membrane d. altering blood flow to various parts of the nervous system

b: mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses

The sensory aspect of pain activates the ____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect activates the ____ cortex. a. cingulate; somatosensory b. somatosensory; cingulate c. fusiform; premotor d. premotor; fusiform

b: somatosensory; cingulate

The ____ nucleus of the thalamus is associated with pain perception of the body. a. anterior b. posterior c. ventral posterior d. ventral lateral

c: ventral posterior

Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, relieve pain by ____. a. reducing the release of chemicals from damaged tissues b. dulling the pain information c. blocking synapses d. numbing the damaged tissue

a: reducing the release of chemicals from damaged tissues

When mechanical pressure bends the membrane of a Pacinian corpuscle, ____. a. the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions increases b. the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions decreases c. the membrane becomes hyperpolarized d. there is a sustained, long-term response to this pressure

b: the membrane's resistance to the flow of sodium ions decreases

Stimulation of a touch receptor opens ____ channels in the axon. a. choline b. potassium c. sodium d. calcium

c: sodium

The eighth cranial nerve contains both a(n) ____ component and a ____ component. a. vestibular; somatosensory b. visual; vestibular c. auditory; taste d. auditory; vestibular

d: auditory; vestibular

Somatosensory information travels from the thalamus to which area of the cortex? a. parietal lobe b. frontal lobe c. hippocampus d. limbic cortex

a: parietal lobe

In the otolith organs, the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that ____. a. push against hair cells when moved b. vibrate with different frequencies c. stabilize the semicircular canals d. enhance sound localization

a: push against hair cells when moved

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to ____. a. rapid mechanical pressure b. low frequency sounds c. horizontal head movements d. slow mechanical movements

a: rapid mechanical pressure

An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex would most have problems with ____. a. memory b. hearing c. ability to locate where they are being touched d. balance

c: ability to locate where they are being touched

What is a dermatome? a. an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve b. an instrument used to record impulses in the spinal cord c. the point at which sensory nerves make contact with motor nerves d. an area of the skin that has no touch receptors

a: an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve

Large-diameter pain axons ____. a. carry sharp pain information b. carry dull pain information c. readily respond to endorphins d. are associated with small cell bodies

a: carry sharp pain information

Meissner's corpuscles are ____. a. elaborate neuron endings for touch b. simple, bare neuron endings c. bare endings surrounded by non-neural cells d. important components of the blood

a: elaborate neuron endings for touch

Ruffini's endings are ____. a. elaborate neuron endings for touch b. simple, bare neuron endings c. bare endings surrounded by non-neural cells d. important components of the blood

a: elaborate neuron endings for touch

Studies with placebos and studies using hypnotism suggest that much of the reduction in pain is the result of decreased activation in the ____. a. emotion areas of the brain sing b. hypothalamus c. spinal cord d. somatosensory areas of the cortex

a: emotion areas of the brain sing

What process is predicted by the gate theory of pain? a. Pain information grows more intense as it passes each synapse on its way to the brain. b. Non-pain information can inhibit pain information. c. Intense pain can shut out all other sensory information. d. The intensity of pain experience depends entirely on the excitability of pain receptors.

b: non-pain information can inhibit pain information

An acceleration of the head at any angle causes ____. a. the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to move to another canal b. the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells c. fluid to spill out from the otolith organs into the semicircular canals d. hair cells to become stiff and straight

b: the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against hair cells

A mild pain stimulus is associated with a release of ____. a. substance P b. substance P and glutamate c. glutamate d. neuromodulators

c: glutamate

The brain chemicals known as endorphins produce effects similar to which substance? a. vitamin B-1 (thiamine) b. substance P c. opiates d. amphetamines

c: opiates

Which two structures provide information about vestibular sensation? a. cochlea and otolith organs b. semicircular canals and cochlea c. semicircular canals and otolith organs d. cerebellum and sinuses

c: semicircular canals and otolith organs

Pain receptors of the skin are ____. a. elaborate neuron endings b. also known as Ruffini endings c. simple, bare neuron endings d. also known as Meissner's corpuscles

c: simple, bare neuron endings

Morphine is effective in relieving ____. a. pain on the skin b. sharp pain c. slow, dull pain d. pain in the interior of the body

c: slow, dull pain

What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain? a. dopamine b. serotonin c. substance P d. encephalin

c: substance P

The somatosensory system involves sensation of ____. a. sight and sound b. sound and touch c. the body and its movements d. the head and movements of the eyes

c: the body and its movements

Which ability would be most impaired with damage to the vestibular senses? a. writing b. hearing c. visually tracking an object while dancing d. discriminating salt from sugar

c: visually tracking an object while dancing

Most theorists believe that the first sensory system was ____. a. vision b. vestibular c. pain d. chemical

d: chemical

Taste and smell axons converge onto many of the same cells in an area called the ____. a. frontal cortex b. striate cortex c. insular cortex d. endopiriform cortex

d: endopiriform cortex

What does the vestibular system detect? a. the degree of stretch of muscles b. vibrations on the skin c. the location of sounds d. movement of the head

d: movement of the head

What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold? a. cranial b. semicircular c. vestibular d. somatosensory

d: somatosensory

Which statement is TRUE of various types of somatosensation? a. They are produced by varied responses by a single type of receptor. b. They involve different receptors, but the spinal cord integrates the information c. They remain separate through the spinal cord, but are interpreted by a single set of cortical neurons. d. They are at least partly distinct all the way from the receptors to the cerebral cortex.

d: they are at least partly distinct all the way from the receptors to the cerebral cortex