Chapter 6-Photosynthesis

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compounds that absorb light

pigment

Plants gather the sun's energy with light absorbing molecules called what?

pigments

What are the two energy carriers in photosynthesis?

ATP NADPH

What is one of the main energy-storage compounds used by cells?

ATP and NADPH

Which of the following is a reactant in the Calvin Cycle? O2 CO2 H2O C6H12O6

B

alternative pathway where CO2 is fixed into a four carbon compound

C4 pathway

Stage of photosynthesis; organic compounds are formed

Calvin Cycle

Light reaction is to ATP as Calvin Cycle is to what?

G3P

Distinguish between thylakoid and grana

Inside the chloroplast there are stacks of interconnected membrane sacs called thylakoids. The thylakoids occur in stacks called grana

How would an increase in the CO2 levels affect photosynthesis?

It would stimulate the rate of photosynthesis until that rate level off.

Explain how the world would be different if C4 and CAM plants had not evolved.

Many dry regions would be devoid of plant life, since C3 plants would not be able to survive there.

What is the enzyme (protein) that is directly involved in the production of ATP?

NADPH

Oxygen is produced at what point during photosynthesis?

When water is split

most important pigments of photosynthesis

chlorophylls

In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?

chloroplast

process of converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds

photosynthesis

Where in the chloroplast does stage 1 occur?

thylakoid

What organelle in the plant makes food?

chloroplast

In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide result in six molecules of what?

oxygen

process that synthesizes ATP

chemiosmosis

What are openings in the underside of a leaf that allow air to enter?

stomata

Energy is required for a variety of life processes including... A. growth and reproduction B. movement C. transport of certain materials across cell membranes D. all of the above

D

What is the first step in photosynthesis?

absorption of light energy

What pigment traveled the shortest distance? (on a page in one of the reviews, oh well)

blue-green

system of membranes inside chloroplast

thylakoids

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

use light energy to make carbohydrates

What is the source o oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

water

What 3 things affect the rate of photosynthesis?

water temperature light intensity

Explain how the light reactions would be affected if there were no concentration gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane.

Without a concentration gradient, there would be no tendency for protons to move from the thylakoid into the stroma. As a result, ATP would not be synthesized by ATP synthase

Organisms that make their own food are called?

autotrophs

stack of thylakoids

grana

other feeders; consumers

heterotrophs

small pores on underside of leaf

stomata

Which of the following is NOT produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

sugars

What are the products of photosynthesis?

sugars and oxygen

What product is produce from chemiosmosis? Where does chemiosmosis occur? What causes this process to occur?

ATP is produced. occurs at the ATP synthase molecule in the thylakoid membrane. The production of ATP occurs because a concentration buildup of H+ occurs across the thylakoid membrane.

Explain why both autotrophs and heterotrophs depend on photosynthesis to obtain the energy they need for life processes.

Autotrophs produce compounds during photosynthesis that they can later break down to form ATP. Heterotrophs must consume autotrophs or other heterotrophs to obtain the compounds that can be broken down to form ATP. ATP is needed by all cells to perform life processes.

In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary except what? A.Chlorophyll B. Light C. Oxygen D. Carbon Dioxide E. Water

C

water conservation pathway used by some plants to fix carbon

CAM pathway

What is one of the principle compounds that living things use to store energy in?

CO2

What is the stage 2 of photosynthesis in which CO2 is fixed into an organic compound?

Calvin Cycle

During photosynthesis, what is the series of reactions that create complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth?

Calvin cycle

The light independent reaction s of photosynthesis are also known as what?

Calvin cycle

Describe the role of chlorophyll in the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls are pigments that absorb light energy during photosynthesis. Chlorophyll b assists chlorophyll a in capturing light energy. Excited electrons that leave chlorophyll a travel along 2 electron transport chains. The energy of these excited electrons is then used to form ATP and NADPH

Distinguish between C3, C4, and CAM plants.

In C3 plants, CO2 continually enters the Calvin cycle and a three carbon compound is made. A C4 plant fixes CO2 into four carbon organic compounds in certain cells. After these compounds are transported to the other cells, they release CO2, which then enters the Calvin cycle. CAM plants fix CO2 at night.

What substance from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the Calvin cycle?

NADPH

What are the substances produced when water molecules are broken down during the light reactions?

Oxygen and hydrogen proton

What step is in the beginning of photosynthesis?

Pigments in photosystem II absorb light

What would happen to photosynthesis if all of the three-carbon sugars produced in the Calvin Cycle were used to produce organic compounds?

The Calvin cycle would stop.

The molecule that precedes the electron transport chains of both photosystem II and photosystem I is an electron acceptor. What is the original molecule that is the electron donor for both these systems?

The original electron donor is water.

Plants and animals exchange materials through the process of photosynthesis and respiration. How are the 2 processes similar?

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration

The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to what?

absorb light energy

C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 +12H2O + 36 ATP represents the process of what?

aerobic respiration

self-feeders; producers

autotrophs

The energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds in a series of linked chemical reactions called a what?

biochemical pathway

incorporation of CO2 into organic compounds

carbon fixation

accessory pigments; yellow, orange and brown

carotenoids

During photosynthesis, light energy absorbed by the plant is converted into what?

chemical energy

What is the pigment of photosynthesis?

chlorophyll

organelle of photosynthesis

chloroplast

Heterotrophs are organisms that what?

consume other organisms for energy

series of molecules in thylakoid membranes that electrons are passed along

e transport chain

The sun is considered the ultimate source of energy for life on earth. Why?

either photosynthetic organisms or organisms that have eaten them provide energy for all other organisms on earth.

How do the electrons function in creating a concentration gradient of H+?

electrons pump ions

What is the color of light that is least useful to a plant during photosynthesis?

green

Oak tree is to autotroph as human is to ....

heterotroph

Organisms that eat other things to get energy are called?

heterotrophs

Why is chlorophyll green?

it reflects green wavelengths of light

What is an equation that best summarizes the process of photosynthesis?

light water + carbon dioxide ---> sugars+oxygen

What is the first process int he light independent reactions of photosynthesis?

light absorption

The Calvin cycle is another name for what?

light independent reactions

What is the stage 1 of photosynthesis in which light energy is converted into chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH?

light reactions

stage of photosynthesis; light energy converted into chemical energy; stored in ATP and NADPH

light reactions

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant's environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant's production of high-energy sugars?

no sugars will be produced

What is the major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis?

oxygen

The process whereby plants capture energy and make complex molecules is known as what?

photosynthesis

cluster of pigment molecules and protein pigments are embedded in

photosystem

acceptor of e lost from chlorophyll a

primary e acceptor

The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll does what?

reflects green light

Name the part of the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle takes place.

stroma

solution surrounding grana

stroma

Light-dependent reactions is to oxygen as Calvin Cycle is to

sugar


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