chapter 6 physical science

The lowest possible temperature is

-273 C

to say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water

-requires a lot of energy for an increase in temp -releases a lot of energy in cooling -absorbes a not of energy for an increase in temp

the temp of melting ice is

0 C and 32 F

Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of

0 K and -273 C

which of these is the smallest

1 fahrenheit

the temp of boiling water is

100 C and 212 F

increasing the temp of 1 gram of ice cold water to the temp of boiling water requires

100 calories

a volume of helium has has a temp of 0 C , the same gas twice as hot has a temp of

273 C

a volume of helium gas has a temp of 10 C . the same gas twice as hot has a temp of

293 C

entropy is most closely related to the

2nd law of thermodynamics

room temp on the Kelvin scale is about

300 K

the number of joules in 1 kilocalorie is

4190

increasing the temp of 50 grams of water by 1 c requires

50 calories

the temp of water rises when 2.00 calories are added.it will rise the same when

8.38 J are added

San Francisco Chef Manual rates the energy content of foods in units of

Calories

on which temp scale is 0 degrees the freezing point of water

Celsius

a temp difference of 10 celcius degrees is also equal to a temp difference of 10 at the

Kelvin scale

the final temp of 1 liter of 40 C water poured into 1 liter of 20 C water is

at or about 30 C

as entropy in a system increases, energy within a system

becomes less ordered

a pre electronic thermostat employs a coiled

bimetallic strip

heat energy is measured in units of

both joules and calories

thermal energy is measured in

calories , Calories , juoles

if water at 0 C slightly increases in temp , the water

contracts

the density of water at 4 C will slightly decrease when it is

cooled or warmed

water at 4 C will expand when it is slightly

cooled or warmed

the specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be

copper

when a bimetallic bar of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip because

copper expands more than iron

as a hot iron ring cools , the diameter of the hole

decreases

when work is done by a system and heat is subtracted, the temp of the system

decreases

when work is done by a system and no heat is added, the temp of the system

decreases

when the temp of a fixed volume of air initially at 0 C is lowered by 1 degree, its pressure

decreases by 1/273

if water at 20C slightly increases in temp , the water

expands

if water at 4 C decreases in temp, the water

expands

if water at 4 C slightly increases in temp , the water

expands

When most substances are heated, molecules inside move faster and take up more space, resulting in thermal

expansion

the operation of bimetallic strip relies on differences in

expansion of metals

on which temp scale is 212 degrees the boiling point of water

fahrenheit

which temp scale has the smallest scale sized degrees

fahrenheit

If glass expanded more than mercury, then with the rising temp the column of mercury would

fall

which all of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems

first law

when you touch a hot penny in the sunlight with your finger, energy flows

from the penny to your finger

when you touch a piece of ice with your finger, energy flows

from your finger to the ice

if the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1 liter and a 2 liter continuer of water, the temp change in the 1 liter container will be

greater

more disorder means

greater entropy

which contracts more when the temp is decreased ? equal volumes of

helium

which expands more when the temp is increased? equal volumes of

helium

materials composed of molecules that absorb large amounts of energy in the force of vibrations and rotations have

high specific heat capacity

the moderate temp of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with waters

high specificity heat capacty

the direction of natural processes is from states of

higher order to lower order

Heat is thermal energy that flows from

hot to cold

which contracts more when temp is slightly increased? equal volumes of

ice water

because a refrigerator operates by a motor , leasing the fridge door open for hours in a closed room

increase room temp

When you rapidly stir raw eggs with an eggbeater, the temperature of the eggs

increases

as a system biomes more disordered, entropy

increases

when Paul compresses air with a tire pump , the temp of the compressed air

increases as work is done on it

leaving a hot oven door open in a closed room on a cool day

increases the temp

as our room gets messier day by day, entropy is

increasing

which of the following normally warms up faster when heat is applied

iron

The greatest expansion of water among the following occurs when

it turns to ice

which will stay cooler for a longer time in a picnic cooler on a hot summer day

jello

a nutritionist in the US measures food in units of

kilocalories and Calories

whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with molecular

kinetic energy

if a room is cold it is usually due to the

lack of adequate thermal energy

when an iron ring is heated the hole becomes

larger

if the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2 liter and a 4 liter container of water, the temp change in the 4 liter container will be

less

microscopic slush in wate tends to make the water

less dense

a kg of 40 C water and a kg of 20 C water, after being mixed , have a temp of 30 C . however the final temp of a 1 kg iron block at 40 C placed into 1 kg of water at 20 C is

less than 30 C

Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is ___________.

less than for plants

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has

less thermal energy at higher temp

Water at 4 C will sink to the bottom of a pond because

like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water

a substance that heats up relatively quickly has a

low specific heat capacity

the fact that desert sand becomes very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a

low specific heat capacity

if the specific heat capacity of water were lower, ponds in the cold winter would be

more likely to freeze

the overflow of gasoline for a car's full metal tank on a hot day is evidence that gasoline expands

more than metal

When a metal ring with a gap in the shape of the letter C is cooled, the gap becomes

narrower

when work is done on a system while additional heat is subtracted, the temp of the system

need more info

at absolute zero , a substance has

no more energy to give up

the temp at the center of the sun is about 10^7 degrees. does it matter whether that is stated as Celsius degrees of kelvins

no, they are practically the same

heat is simply another word for

none of the above

water at 4 C will contract when it is

none of the above

the open spaces in the crystal lattice of ice contain

nothing

thermal energy will flow in a direction from cold to hot

only with external effect

Which law of thermodynamics addresses the direction of heat flow?

second law

which will cool faster when removed from a furnace

sliver

san Fransisco has moldee winters than DC due to water's high

specific heat capacity

heat is thermal energy that flows due to

temp differences

The white-hot sparks from a fireworks sparkler that strike your skin don't cause injury because

the energy per molecule is high but the total energy transferred is small

which has a greater specific heat capacity , the filling of a hot piece of pie or the crust

the filling

when you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove, air in. the can undergoes an increase in

thermal energy , temp, and pressure

heat is

thermal energy flowing from hot to cold

the fact that a thermometer "takes its own temp" illustrates

thermal equilibrium

Which law of thermodynamics states that no system can reach absolute zero?

third law

heat is thermal energy that matter

transfers

The motion of atoms and molecules that most affects temperature is

translational

the motion of particles that contribute to thermal energy are

translational, rotational, vibrational

when a gas such as helium becomes twice as hot it has

twice the thermal energy and twice the absolute temp

which expands more when the temp is lowered? equal volumes of

water at 4 C

during a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst because

water expands when freezing

after an apple pie is taken form an oven, the pie filling is hotter than the crust due to

water in the filling better retains thermal energy

When a metal ring with a gap in the shape of the letter C is heated, the gap becomes

wider