chapter 6 physical science
The lowest possible temperature is
-273 C
to say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water
-requires a lot of energy for an increase in temp -releases a lot of energy in cooling -absorbes a not of energy for an increase in temp
the temp of melting ice is
0 C and 32 F
Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of
0 K and -273 C
which of these is the smallest
1 fahrenheit
the temp of boiling water is
100 C and 212 F
increasing the temp of 1 gram of ice cold water to the temp of boiling water requires
100 calories
a volume of helium has has a temp of 0 C , the same gas twice as hot has a temp of
273 C
a volume of helium gas has a temp of 10 C . the same gas twice as hot has a temp of
293 C
entropy is most closely related to the
2nd law of thermodynamics
room temp on the Kelvin scale is about
300 K
the number of joules in 1 kilocalorie is
4190
increasing the temp of 50 grams of water by 1 c requires
50 calories
the temp of water rises when 2.00 calories are added.it will rise the same when
8.38 J are added
San Francisco Chef Manual rates the energy content of foods in units of
Calories
on which temp scale is 0 degrees the freezing point of water
Celsius
a temp difference of 10 celcius degrees is also equal to a temp difference of 10 at the
Kelvin scale
the final temp of 1 liter of 40 C water poured into 1 liter of 20 C water is
at or about 30 C
as entropy in a system increases, energy within a system
becomes less ordered
a pre electronic thermostat employs a coiled
bimetallic strip
heat energy is measured in units of
both joules and calories
thermal energy is measured in
calories , Calories , juoles
if water at 0 C slightly increases in temp , the water
contracts
the density of water at 4 C will slightly decrease when it is
cooled or warmed
water at 4 C will expand when it is slightly
cooled or warmed
the specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be
copper
when a bimetallic bar of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip because
copper expands more than iron
as a hot iron ring cools , the diameter of the hole
decreases
when work is done by a system and heat is subtracted, the temp of the system
decreases
when work is done by a system and no heat is added, the temp of the system
decreases
when the temp of a fixed volume of air initially at 0 C is lowered by 1 degree, its pressure
decreases by 1/273
if water at 20C slightly increases in temp , the water
expands
if water at 4 C decreases in temp, the water
expands
if water at 4 C slightly increases in temp , the water
expands
When most substances are heated, molecules inside move faster and take up more space, resulting in thermal
expansion
the operation of bimetallic strip relies on differences in
expansion of metals
on which temp scale is 212 degrees the boiling point of water
fahrenheit
which temp scale has the smallest scale sized degrees
fahrenheit
If glass expanded more than mercury, then with the rising temp the column of mercury would
fall
which all of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems
first law
when you touch a hot penny in the sunlight with your finger, energy flows
from the penny to your finger
when you touch a piece of ice with your finger, energy flows
from your finger to the ice
if the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1 liter and a 2 liter continuer of water, the temp change in the 1 liter container will be
greater
more disorder means
greater entropy
which contracts more when the temp is decreased ? equal volumes of
helium
which expands more when the temp is increased? equal volumes of
helium
materials composed of molecules that absorb large amounts of energy in the force of vibrations and rotations have
high specific heat capacity
the moderate temp of islands throughout the world has mainly to do with waters
high specificity heat capacty
the direction of natural processes is from states of
higher order to lower order
Heat is thermal energy that flows from
hot to cold
which contracts more when temp is slightly increased? equal volumes of
ice water
because a refrigerator operates by a motor , leasing the fridge door open for hours in a closed room
increase room temp
When you rapidly stir raw eggs with an eggbeater, the temperature of the eggs
increases
as a system biomes more disordered, entropy
increases
when Paul compresses air with a tire pump , the temp of the compressed air
increases as work is done on it
leaving a hot oven door open in a closed room on a cool day
increases the temp
as our room gets messier day by day, entropy is
increasing
which of the following normally warms up faster when heat is applied
iron
The greatest expansion of water among the following occurs when
it turns to ice
which will stay cooler for a longer time in a picnic cooler on a hot summer day
jello
a nutritionist in the US measures food in units of
kilocalories and Calories
whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with molecular
kinetic energy
if a room is cold it is usually due to the
lack of adequate thermal energy
when an iron ring is heated the hole becomes
larger
if the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2 liter and a 4 liter container of water, the temp change in the 4 liter container will be
less
microscopic slush in wate tends to make the water
less dense
a kg of 40 C water and a kg of 20 C water, after being mixed , have a temp of 30 C . however the final temp of a 1 kg iron block at 40 C placed into 1 kg of water at 20 C is
less than 30 C
Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is ___________.
less than for plants
Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has
less thermal energy at higher temp
Water at 4 C will sink to the bottom of a pond because
like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water
a substance that heats up relatively quickly has a
low specific heat capacity
the fact that desert sand becomes very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a
low specific heat capacity
if the specific heat capacity of water were lower, ponds in the cold winter would be
more likely to freeze
the overflow of gasoline for a car's full metal tank on a hot day is evidence that gasoline expands
more than metal
When a metal ring with a gap in the shape of the letter C is cooled, the gap becomes
narrower
when work is done on a system while additional heat is subtracted, the temp of the system
need more info
at absolute zero , a substance has
no more energy to give up
the temp at the center of the sun is about 10^7 degrees. does it matter whether that is stated as Celsius degrees of kelvins
no, they are practically the same
heat is simply another word for
none of the above
water at 4 C will contract when it is
none of the above
the open spaces in the crystal lattice of ice contain
nothing
thermal energy will flow in a direction from cold to hot
only with external effect
Which law of thermodynamics addresses the direction of heat flow?
second law
which will cool faster when removed from a furnace
sliver
san Fransisco has moldee winters than DC due to water's high
specific heat capacity
heat is thermal energy that flows due to
temp differences
The white-hot sparks from a fireworks sparkler that strike your skin don't cause injury because
the energy per molecule is high but the total energy transferred is small
which has a greater specific heat capacity , the filling of a hot piece of pie or the crust
the filling
when you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove, air in. the can undergoes an increase in
thermal energy , temp, and pressure
heat is
thermal energy flowing from hot to cold
the fact that a thermometer "takes its own temp" illustrates
thermal equilibrium
Which law of thermodynamics states that no system can reach absolute zero?
third law
heat is thermal energy that matter
transfers
The motion of atoms and molecules that most affects temperature is
translational
the motion of particles that contribute to thermal energy are
translational, rotational, vibrational
when a gas such as helium becomes twice as hot it has
twice the thermal energy and twice the absolute temp
which expands more when the temp is lowered? equal volumes of
water at 4 C
during a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst because
water expands when freezing
after an apple pie is taken form an oven, the pie filling is hotter than the crust due to
water in the filling better retains thermal energy
When a metal ring with a gap in the shape of the letter C is heated, the gap becomes
wider