Chapter 6 Quiz

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A pegmatite is a course-grained igneous rock that forms primarily because the melt

is water-rich.

Because of its physical properties, magma tends to

move upward, away from where it formed.

Viscosity does NOT depend on

the total volume of the magma body.

Igneous rocks are formed

through the freezing or crystallization of a melt.

If you find a tuff in the field, what type of geologic activity could you reasonably assume has occurred?

a volcanic eruption

Most commonly, felsic igneous rocks

are lighter in color than mafic rocks.

A vast, composite intrusive igneous body that covers hundreds of square kilometers (in a map view) is called a

batholith.

Differentiation of the Earth's iron core and collisions of planetesimals caused early Earth to

be much hotter than at present.

Volatiles refer to substances that

evaporate easily and exist as gases.

As compared to aphanitic igneous rocks, phaneritic rocks are

coarser grained.

The boundary formed between new intrusive igneous rock and the host rock around it is called a

contact.

A volcanic arc results from __________ tectonic movements and is associated with a __________.

convergent; subduction zone

As compared to coarse-grained igneous rocks, fine-grained igneous rocks

cool and solidify more quickly.

Intrusive rocks that form deep within the Earth ______________ than intrusive rocks that cool near the surface.

cool more slowly

If the volatile content of magma is increased, its viscosity will

decrease.

Vesicles in an igneous rock are evidence for which of the following?

degassing of volatiles

Which of the following is not typically associated with the eruption of a Large Igneous Province (LIP)?

emplacement of large granite batholiths

Which type of magma has the greatest silica content?

felsic

Large igneous provinces are formed by ________, which can flow tens to hundreds of kilometers.

flood basalts

As compared to mafic igneous rocks, felsic igneous rocks

have a higher proportion of silica relative to Mg oxide and Fe oxide.

If a body of magma becomes more felsic, its viscosity will

increase.

When magma solidifies below the surface of the Earth, ________ are formed.

intrusive igneous rocks

Which of the following processes is not responsible for the formation of magma within the Earth?

loss of volatiles to the atmosphere

A majority of the melts in the Earth form through the partial melting of ultramafic mantle rock. These newly formed magmas are

mafic.

The difference between magma and lava is

magma is melt underground, whereas lava is melt that has emerged from the surface.

Injecting hot fudge into ice cream and causing the ice cream to melt is an appropriate analogy for which cause of magma melt?

melting due to heat transfer from rising magma

In general, when rock is partially melted, the chemistry of the melt is

more felsic than the original chemistry of the rock that was partially melted.

In general, if a body of igneous (source) rock is subjected to partial melting, the magma that is produced is expected to be

more felsic than the source rock.

During fractional crystallization of a magma body, the first rock that is expected to crystallize from the magma will be

more mafic than the magma.

The continuous series in Bowen's reaction series describes the crystallization behavior of which mineral?

olivine

In the discontinuous series of Bowen's reaction series, the first mineral to crystallize from a mafic melt is

olivine.

A _________ is an irregular or blob-shaped intrusive body; a ___________ is a blister-shaped intrusion.

pluton; laccolith

An igneous rock with a mixed texture consisting of coarse crystals (phenocrysts) surrounded by fine crystals (groundmass) is termed

porphyritic.

Pegmatites, which often occur in dikes, are unusual among shallow intrusive rocks in that they

possess exceptionally coarse grains.

A felsic, highly-vesicular volcanic rock is termed

pumice.

A fragmental, extrusive igneous rock is referred to as which of the following?

pyroclastic

Bombs, ash, and cinders are all examples of

pyroclastic debris.

Granite, an intrusive igneous rock, is most similar in mineral composition to which extrusive equivalent?

rhyolite

A magma body with a ________ volume and a ________ shape cools fastest.

smaller; pancake

Flood basalts such as those found in the Columbia Plateau and the Deccan region are associated with

superplumes.

Which of the following does not affect the cooling rate of magma?

tectonic setting

The geotherm is the rate of change of

temperature with depth in the Earth's interior.

Fragments of material erupted from a volcano eventually settle and lithify to form an extrusive igneous rock called

tuff.

Important volatiles in magmas include

water and carbon dioxide.


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