Chapter 6 Quiz - Learning

What well known psychologist is best known for his work with operant conditioning? B.F. Skinner John B. Watson Ivan Pavlov Sigmund Freud

B.F. Skinner

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning? Operant conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; classical conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence. Classical conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; operant conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence. In contrast to classical conditioning, operant conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change. In contrast to operant conditioning, classical conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change.

Classical conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; operant conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence.

As a gate creaks open, Oscar the puppy notices a cat heading into his yard. The cat hisses and scratches Oscar on the nose, causing Oscar to yelp in pain. Which outcome to this scenario portrays discrimination? Now when Oscar sees the cat who scratched his nose, he runs away, but he feels comfortable with the cat with whom he shares a home. Now when Oscar sees any cat or small dog coming towards him, he runs away. Now whenever Oscar sees any cat, including the cat in his own home, he runs away. Now when Oscar hears a gate creak, regardless of who is coming through it, he runs away.

Now when Oscar sees the cat who scratched his nose, he runs away, but he feels comfortable with the cat with whom he shares a home.

Nick wants to encourage his six-year-old daughter, Anna, to help with family chores. He makes an outline of a rainbow with seven bands so that Anna can color in a band each time she does a chore. If she does seven chores in a week, coloring in the full rainbow, she gets one dollar. Nick's technique demonstrates which methods? habituation, positive punishment, and a fixed interval schedule shaping, negative reinforcement, and a variable interval schedule chaining, negative punishment, and a variable ratio schedule a token economy, positive reinforcement, and a fixed ratio schedule

a token economy, positive reinforcement, and a fixed ratio schedule

Some psychologists believe that all learned behavior can be explained on the basis of our interaction with our environment, i.e., stimulus-response relationships. They believe that we can study behavior objectively, without making assumptions about the organism's thinking. These psychologists are called humanists behaviorists psychoanalysts Gestalt psychologists

behaviorists

The process by which a neutral stimulus, after being paired with a natural, response-producing stimulus, comes to elicit the same basic response is called operant conditioning classical conditioning extinction sensitization

classical conidtioning

When Roxie the dog was a puppy, she would jump excitedly on anyone who entered the house; receiving praise for her actions. Now that Roxie weighs 65 pounds, Roxie's owner has asked everyone who enters the house to ignore the dog until she settles down. This scenario illustrates the use of ____, which involves discontinuing reinforcement for a particular behavior, latent inhibition discrimination extinction generalizatio

extinction

When the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS, the conditioned response gradually weakens and disappears. This is called discrimination stimulus generalization conditioning extinction

extinction

Mrs. Collora teaches social studies to junior high school students. Two boys in her class often loudly make jokes about the material being discussed. She has tried several techniques without success: 1) ignoring them; 2) encouraging and rewarding them for contributing to the class discussion; 3) removing their opportunities to participate in field trips; and 4) sending them to detention. In the order presented, list the operant conditioning principles she has applied to the situation. extinction, positive reinforcement, negative punishment, positive punishment positive punishment, positive reinforcement, extinction, negative punishment negative punishment, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, extinction extinction, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment

extinction, positive reinforcement, negative punishment, positive punishment

Experienced whale trainer Dawn Brancheau was killed by one of her favorite killer whales during a 2010 show at Sea World in Orlando, Florida. Animal experts believed that the whale had simply reverted to normal whale behavior; illustrating ____. trainer-animal conflict instinctive drift operant conditioning extinction

instinctive drift

A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience learning maturity intelligence instinct

learning

The process by which behaviors are shaped and maintained by their consequences is called _______. operant conditioning classical conditioning non-associative learning sensitization

operant conditioning

As Ronnie hears a song on the radio, she feels stressed: her heart races, her hands became clammy, and her breathing became rapid. The song is familiar because it was very popular at a time when her parents were going through a divorce. During this time, they fought bitterly with one another, causing Ronnie intense anxiety. In this scenario, identify the following in the same respective order: the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned response, and the unconditioned response. parents fighting; song; anxiety towards parents fighting; anxiety towards song parents fighting; anxiety towards parents fighting; song; anxiety towards song song; parents fighting; anxiety towards song; anxiety towards parents fighting song; anxiety towards song; parents fighting; anxiety towards parents fighting

song; parents fighting; anxiety towards song; anxiety towards parents fighting

After learning the fear/crying response to the white rat, Little Albert also started fearing a rabbit, a Santa Claus mask and other fuzzy objects. This is called _____. stimulus discrimination extinction reinforcement stimulus generalization

stimulus generalization

A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response after a varying period of time is reinforced is called a(n) ____. variable ratio schedule variable interval schedule arbitrary interval schedule arbitrary ratio schedule

variable interval schedule