Chapter 6: The Integumentary System
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are . . .
-provides thermal insulation -protects the body -acts as an energy reservoir
Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ____ weeks, and slight scarring may occur
2-4
In first degree burns, the healing time averages about ___ days, and no typical scarring occurs
3-5
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about __ weeks
4
The root and shaft of the hair is ________ while the bulb of the hair is _____
dead, living
The dermis is ____ to the epidermis and contains primarily _______
deep, collagen fibers
Because an entire portion of skin has been lost, and water cannot be retained in the area, a major concern with third degree burns is ______.
dehydration
the epidermal ridges interdigitate with the _____
dermal papillae
In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the _____ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ____ into the body
edges, pathogens
Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ____
exocytosis
a function of cerumen is to lubricate the
external acoustic meatus
ceruminous
external acoustic meatus
Potential complications of a wound under repair include ___ loss and ______
fluid, infection
In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum _____, the process of keratinization begins
granulosum
vernix caseosa
waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells (periderm is the source of sloughed off cells)
In the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ____ and grow in the wound
regenerate
Damaged tissues are repaired in 2 ways
regeneration and fibrosis (scar tissue)
the ____ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers
reticular
Apocrine sweat glands are classified as _____ glands
simple, coiled, tubular
Apocrine
Axillary, anal, areolar, and public regions; secrete proteins and lipids
The nail matrix is the _____
actively growing part of the nail
sebaceous
associated with hair follicles over much of the skin; lipid material called sebum
in thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum ______, Stratum ______, and stratum ______
basale, spinosum, and granulosum
Come, Let's Get Sun Burned
corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
merocrine
most numerous and widely distributed sweat gland; distributed throughout body; 99% water 1% chemicals; function in thermoregulation and excretion
Epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune functions by their ____ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders
phagocytic
Each nail consists of a pinkish nail ____, a distal whitish free ___, and a proximal part embedded in the skin called the nail ____.
body, edge, root
mammary
breast
Ceruminous glands secrete their waxy substance into the external ear canal. Their secretion is called
cerumen
In thick skin, the layers of epidermis that contains dead keratinocytes are the stratum lucid and stratum ______
corneum
Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum _______ layer of the epidermis
corneum
Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D
kidney, liver, and skin
We produce three kinds of hair
lanugo, vellus, and terminal
periderm
layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium (the basal layer forms epithelium)
Mesenchyme
layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis
At the nail root and the proximal end of the nail body, the nail bed thickens to form the _____
matrix
the ____ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae
papillary
