Chapter 6: The Integumentary System

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are . . .

-provides thermal insulation -protects the body -acts as an energy reservoir

Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ____ weeks, and slight scarring may occur

2-4

In first degree burns, the healing time averages about ___ days, and no typical scarring occurs

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about __ weeks

4

The root and shaft of the hair is ________ while the bulb of the hair is _____

dead, living

The dermis is ____ to the epidermis and contains primarily _______

deep, collagen fibers

Because an entire portion of skin has been lost, and water cannot be retained in the area, a major concern with third degree burns is ______.

dehydration

the epidermal ridges interdigitate with the _____

dermal papillae

In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the _____ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ____ into the body

edges, pathogens

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ____

exocytosis

a function of cerumen is to lubricate the

external acoustic meatus

ceruminous

external acoustic meatus

Potential complications of a wound under repair include ___ loss and ______

fluid, infection

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum _____, the process of keratinization begins

granulosum

vernix caseosa

waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells (periderm is the source of sloughed off cells)

In the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ____ and grow in the wound

regenerate

Damaged tissues are repaired in 2 ways

regeneration and fibrosis (scar tissue)

the ____ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers

reticular

Apocrine sweat glands are classified as _____ glands

simple, coiled, tubular

Apocrine

Axillary, anal, areolar, and public regions; secrete proteins and lipids

The nail matrix is the _____

actively growing part of the nail

sebaceous

associated with hair follicles over much of the skin; lipid material called sebum

in thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum ______, Stratum ______, and stratum ______

basale, spinosum, and granulosum

Come, Let's Get Sun Burned

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

merocrine

most numerous and widely distributed sweat gland; distributed throughout body; 99% water 1% chemicals; function in thermoregulation and excretion

Epidermal dendritic cells accomplish their immune functions by their ____ activity, which initiates an immune response against invaders

phagocytic

Each nail consists of a pinkish nail ____, a distal whitish free ___, and a proximal part embedded in the skin called the nail ____.

body, edge, root

mammary

breast

Ceruminous glands secrete their waxy substance into the external ear canal. Their secretion is called

cerumen

In thick skin, the layers of epidermis that contains dead keratinocytes are the stratum lucid and stratum ______

corneum

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum _______ layer of the epidermis

corneum

Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D

kidney, liver, and skin

We produce three kinds of hair

lanugo, vellus, and terminal

periderm

layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium (the basal layer forms epithelium)

Mesenchyme

layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis

At the nail root and the proximal end of the nail body, the nail bed thickens to form the _____

matrix

the ____ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae

papillary