Chapter 60: Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System

Which term refers to the shaft of the long bone?

Diaphysis

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient's pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Arthroscopy

An older adult client has symptoms of osteoporosis and is being assessed during her annual physical examination. The assessment shows that the client will require further testing related to a possible exacerbation of her osteoporosis. The nurse should anticipate what diagnostic test?

Bone densitometry

A patient tells the physician about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The physician identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition should the nurse educate the patient about?

Bursitis

The nurse's comprehensive assessment of an older adult involves the assessment of the client's gait. How should the nurse best perform this assessment?

Instruct the client to walk away from the nurse for a short distance and then toward the nurse.

A nurse on the orthopedic unit is assessing a client's peroneal nerve. The nurse should perform this assessment by doing what action?

Pricking the skin between the great and second toe

What would not be included in client and family teaching after a musculoskeletal injury?

Pursue any physical activities that are comfortable.

A patient has a fracture of the right femur sustained in an automobile accident. What process of fracture healing does the nurse understand will occur with this patient?

Reactive phase, reparative phase, remodeling phase

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement?

Remodeling

A nurse is explaining a client's decreasing bone density in terms of the balance between bone resorption and formation. What dietary nutrients and hormones play a role in the resorption and formation of adult bones? Select all that apply.

Thyroid hormone, Growth hormone, Estrogen

When assessing a client's peripheral nerve function, the nurse uses an instrument to prick the fat pad at the top of the client's small finger. This action will assess what nerve?

Ulnar

A client reports being consistently tired, with no energy. The client's CBC indicates low hemoglobin. Where is hemoglobin manufactured?

ribs

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. What assessment findings are most consistent with this diagnosis?

Absence of feeling, capillary refill of 4 to 5 seconds, and cool skin

The primary functions of cartilage are to reduce friction between articular surfaces, absorb shocks, and reduce stress on joint surfaces. Where in the human body is cartilage found?

All options are correct.

Which of the following diagnostic studies are done to relieve joint pain due to effusion?

Arthrocentesis

Which is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or wrist?

Arthrography

Which hormone inhibits bone reabsorption and increases calcium deposit in the bone?

Calcitonin

The nurse is performing an assessment of a client's musculoskeletal system and is appraising the client's bone integrity. What action should the nurse perform during this phase of assessment?

Compare parts of the body symmetrically.

A patient has had a stroke and is unable to move the right upper and lower extremity. During assessment the nurse picks up the arm and it is limp and without tone. How would the nurse document this finding?

Flaccidity

A nurse is taking a health history on a new client who has been experiencing unexplained paresthesia. What question should guide the nurse's assessment of the client's altered sensations?

How does the feeling in the affected extremity compare with the feeling in the unaffected extremity?

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

Knee

A patient has a fracture that is being treated with open rigid compression plate fixation devices. How will the progress of bone healing be monitored?

Serial x-rays

A client is receiving ongoing nursing care for the treatment of Parkinson disease. When assessing this client's gait, what finding is most closely associated with this health problem?

Shuffling gait

Skull sutures are an example of which type of joint?

Synarthrosis

Which of the following deformity causes a exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine?

Lordosis

A client is scheduled for a bone scan to rule out osteosarcoma of the pelvic bones. What would be most important for the nurse to assess before the client's scan?

That the client emptied the bladder

Which is an indicator of neurovascular compromise?

Capillary refill of more than 3 seconds

Which assessment parameter would the nurse expect to find when assessing the older adult with a musculoskeletal disorder? Select all that apply.

Decreased endurance Decreased range of motion Joint stiffness

The nurse would expect which of the following diagnostic tests to be ordered for a patient with lower extremity muscle weakness?

Electromyograph (EMG)

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. The nurse interprets these findings as indicative of:

Lordosis

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are located in the forearm?

long bones

An example of a flat bone is the

sternum.

The nurse working in the orthopedic surgeon's office is asked to schedule a shoulder arthrography. The nurse determines that the surgeon suspects which finding?

Tear in the joint capsule

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes the patient has an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this common finding is known as?

Kyphosis

Which of the following is an age-related change to the musculoskeletal system?

Loss of bone mass

A bone biopsy has just been completed on a client with suspected bone metastases. The nurse should prioritize assessments for:

pain

Which nerve is being assessed when the nurses asks the client to dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes?

Peroneal

A patient is scheduled for a bone marrow biopsy. The nurse explains to the family that the bone marrow is located mainly in four areas. She tells the family that the site to be used would be the:

Sternum

Tendons are cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone. Which is not true about tendons?

Tendons attach muscle to a bone in just one location.

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. What signs does the patient present with that indicate circulation is impaired? (Select all that apply.)

a. Pale, cyanotic, or mottled color b. Cool temperature of the extremity c. More than 3-second capillary refill