chapter 60 prepu
The nurse obtains a Snellen eye chart when assessing cranial nerve function. Which cranial nerve is the nurse testing when using the chart?
CN II optic nerve
Which term refers to a method of recording, in graphic form, the electrical activity of a muscle?
Electromyography
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for concentration and abstract thought?
Frontal
The nurse is preparing a client for a neurological examination by the physician and explains tests the physician will be doing, including the Romberg test. The client asks the purpose of this particular test. The correct reply by the nurse is which of the following?
It's a test for balance
A client is weak and drowsy after a lumbar puncture. The nurse caring for the client knows that what priority nursing intervention should be provided after a lumbar puncture?
Position the client flat as directed.
A nurse is caring for a client with an injury to the central nervous system. When caring for a client with a spinal cord insult that is slowing transmission of the motor neurons, in what would the nurse anticipate a delayed reaction?
Response due to interrupted impulses from the central nervous system
The nurse is performing a neurological assessment of a client who has sustained damage to the frontal cortex. Which of the following deficits will the nurse look for during assessment?
The inability to tell how a mouse and a cat are alike
A client is scheduled for standard EEG testing to evaluate a possible seizure disorder. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform before the procedure?
Withhold anticonvulsant medications for 24 to 48 hours before the exam
Which of the following neurotransmitters are deficient in myasthenia gravis?
acetylcholine
A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of a cerebral aneurysm. Which diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate to monitor the status of the aneurysm?
cerebral angiography
The nurse is assessing the throat of a client with throat pain. In asking the client to stick out the tongue, the nurse is also assessing which cranial nerve?
cranial nerve XII
If a client has a lower motor neuron lesion, the nurse would expect to observe which manifestation upon physical assessment?
decreased muscle tone
The pre-nursing class is learning about the nervous system in their anatomy class. What part of the nervous system would the students learn is responsible for digesting food and eliminating body waste?
parasympathetic
Which neurotransmitter demonstrates inhibitory action, helps control mood and sleep, and inhibits pain pathways?
serotonin
Which cerebral lobe contains the auditory receptive areas?
temporal
The spinal cord is composed of 31 pairs of spinal nerves. How many pairs of thoracic nerves are contained within the spinal column?
twelve
The nurse is assessing the client's mental status . Which question will the nurse include in the assessment?
"Who is the president of the united states?"
What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement?
Cerebellum
Which is a sympathetic effect of the nervous system?
Dilated pupils
A 53-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of inability to form words, and numbness and weakness of the right arm and leg. Where would you locate the site of injury?
Left frontoparietal region The patient is exhibiting signs of expressive aphasia with numbness/tingling and weakness of the right arm and leg. This indicates injury to the expressive speech center (Broca's area), which is located in the inferior portion of the frontal lobe. The motor strip is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. The sensory strip is located in the anterior parietal lobe.
A nurse is working in a neurologist's office. The physician orders a Romberg test. What should the nurse instruct the client to do?
close eyes and stand erect
The critical care nurse is giving end-of-shift report on a client. The nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess the level of consciousness (LOC) of a female client and reports to the oncoming nurse that the client has an LOC of 6. What does an LOC score of 6 in a client indicate?
comatose
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
cushions the brain and spinal cord
Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin lead to which of the following disease processes?
depression
A client has undergone a lumbar puncture as part of a neurological assessment. The client is put under the care of a nurse after the procedure. Which important postprocedure nursing intervention should be performed to ensure the client's maximum comfort?
encourage patient to drink liberal amounts of fluid
A nurse is assisting during a lumbar puncture. How should the nurse position the client for this procedure?
lateral recumbent, with legs flexed
A client is ordered to undergo CT of the brain with IV contrast. Before the test, the nurse should complete which action first?
medication allergies/ shellfish allergy
A nurse is completing a neurological assessment and determines that the client has significant visual deficits. Considering the functions of the lobes of the brain, which area will most likely contain the neurologic deficit?
occipital
The nurse is assessing the client's pupils following a sports injury. Which of the following assessment findings indicates a neurologic concern? Select all that apply.
unequal pupils pinpoint pupils absence of pupillary response
A client is scheduled for an EEG after having a seizure for the first time. Client preparation for this test should include which instruction?
"Avoid stimulants and alcohol for 24 to 48 hours before the test."
To evaluate a client's cerebellar function, a nurse should ask:
"Do you have any problems with balance?"
A nurse and nursing student are caring for a client recovering from a lumbar puncture yesterday. The client reports a headache despite being on bedrest overnight. The physician plans an epidural blood patch this morning. The student asks how this will help the headache. The correct reply from the nurse is which of the following?
"The blood will seal the hole in the dura and prevent further loss of cerebral spinal fluid."
The provider orders the Romberg test for a patient. The nurse tells the patient that the provider wants to evaluate his equilibrium by assessing which cranial nerve?
CN VIII- acoustic
A nurse is caring for a client with lower back pain who is scheduled for myelography using metrizamide (a water-soluble contrast dye). After the test, the nurse should place the client in which position?
Head of the bed elevated 45 degrees After a myelogram, positioning depends on the dye injected. When a water-soluble dye such as metrizamide is injected, the head of the bed is elevated to a 45-degree angle to slow the upward dispersion of the dye. The prone and supine positions are contraindicated when a water-soluble contrast dye is used. The client should be positioned supine with the head lower than the trunk after an air-contrast study.
Lesions in the temporal lobe may result in which type of agnosia?
auditory
A client is waiting in a triage area to learn the medical status of family members following a motor vehicle accident. The client is pacing, taking deep breaths, and handwringing. Considering the effects in the body systems, what does the nurse anticipate the liver will do?
convert glycogen for glucose use When the body is under stress, the sympathetic nervous system is activated readying the body for action. The effect of the body is to mobilize stored glycogen to glucose to provide additional energy for body action.
Which is a sympathetic effect of the nervous system?
dilated pupil
A client who has sustained a head injury to the parietal lobe cannot identify a familiar object by touch. The nurse knows that this deficit is which of the following?
tactile agnosia
The nurse is performing an assessment of cranial nerve function and asks the patient to cover one nostril at a time to see if the patient can smell coffee, alcohol, and mint. The patient is unable to smell any of the odors. The nurse is aware that the patient has a dysfunction of which cranial nerve?
CN I - olfactory
The nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). What is a potential side effect that this client may suffer?
Allergic reaction to the imaging material SPECT obtains images of the brain after the client intravenously receives radiopharmaceuticals and radioisotopes approximately 1 hour before the test begins. A potential risk of SPECT is the client's allergic reaction to the imaging material. Headache is an aftereffect of a cisternal puncture, and claustrophobia is experienced by clients during a magnetic resonance imaging scan.
A client preparing to undergo a lumbar puncture states he doesn't think he will be able to get comfortable with his knees drawn up to his abdomen and his chin touching his chest. He asks if he can lie on his left side. Which statement is the best response by the nurse?
"Although the required position may not be comfortable, it will make the procedure safer and easier to perform." The nurse should explain that the knee-chest position is necessary to make the procedure safer and easier to perform. Lying on his left side won't make the procedure easy or safe to perform. The nurse shouldn't simply tell the client there is no other option because the client is entitled to understand the rationale for the required position. Reporting the client's concerns to the physician won't meet the client's needs in this situation.
A nurse and nursing student are caring for a client recovering from a lumbar puncture yesterday. The client reports a headache despite being on bedrest overnight. The physician plans an epidural blood patch this morning. The student asks how this will help the headache. The correct reply from the nurse is which of the following?
"The blood will seal the hole in the dura and prevent further loss of cerebral spinal fluid." Loss of CSF causes the headache. Occasionally, if the headache persists, the epidural blood patch technique may be used. Blood is withdrawn from the antecubital vein and injected into the site of the previous puncture. The rationale is that the blood will act as a plug to seal the hole in the dura and prevent further loss of CSF. The blood is not put into the subarachnoid space. The needle is inserted below the level of the spinal cord, which prevents damage to the cord. It is not a lack of moisture that prevents healing; it is more related to the size of the needle used for the puncture.