Chapter 6CONNECT assignment (27)

Which of the following disorders is a biologically based psychological disorder characterized by impulsivity, inattentiveness, and restlessness?

ADHD

Students who are disengaged from school are more likely to _____. (Select all that apply.)

misbehave engage in substance use

Standards-based reform refers to ______.

policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of benchmarks measured by achievement tests

Studies show that students on lower education tracks who need to most help often have the ______ instruction.

poorest

Today, more than ______% of high school students graduate on time.

80

______ is a general term for a difficulty with academic tasks that cannot be traced to an emotional problem or sensory dysfunction.

A learning disability

Students profit from the social capital associated with attending a ______ school, because the lessons taught in school are reinforced at home, at church, and in the neighborhood, and because the links between home and school are stronger.

Catholic

Which of the following statements is true?

College graduates earn substantially more than individuals who attend college but do not graduate.

True or false: Mainstreaming is primarily used for gifted students.

False

Which U.S. president signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act?

George W. Bush

What was the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

It became unconstitutional to maintain separate schools for children on the basis of race.

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with providing instruction to children with learning disabilities in separate classes?

It may foster social isolation and stigmatization.

Which of the following are considered to be part of secondary education?

Junior high school High school Middle school

Which of the following is an unintended consequence of zero-tolerance policies?

Many students end up with arrest records for acts that would have been treated as disciplinary infractions in the past.

Which of the following students is especially vulnerable to the effects of teacher expectations?

Montel, who comes from a low-SES family *SES=Social Economic Status

Which of the following best describes the high school completion rate in the United States in the early twentieth century compared to today?

Much lower

The ______ Act mandated that states ensure that all students, regardless of their economic circumstances, achieve academic proficiency.

No Child Left Behind

What are the five key aspects of school organization?

Public versus private schools The ethnic composition of schools Different approaches to age grouping School and classroom size Tracking

_______ ________(2) is the extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than simply completing the assigned work.

Student engagement

True or false: Black students are more likely than others to be suspended or expelled, even though they are no more likely to commit the sorts of acts that would warrant these responses.

True

True or false: Schools can contribute to student bullying.

True

Which school characteristics contribute to the likelihood of bullying occurring?

Unsupportive teachers Frequent disrespect for students Harsh punishments for students

As a result of Brown v. Board of Education, many school districts ______.

adopted measures designed to make schools more diverse

The big fish-little pond effect has been documented ______.

around the world

When students compare themselves to their high-achieving classmates, they don't feel as competent as they would if their point of comparison were students who were not so smart. This phenomenon is called the ______ effect.

big fish-little pond effect

ADHD is usually diagnosed during ______.

childhood

If it were not for the effects of school on ______ development, the discrepancy between affluent and poor youngsters' achievement would be much greater than it currently is.

cognitive

The primary purpose of the ______ school was to meet the needs of a diverse and growing population of young people in the early twentieth century.

comprehensive high

In the 1920s, classes in general education, college preparation, and vocational education were all housed under one roof. This was known as ______.

comprehensive high school

No Child Left Behind required that schools ______.

create and enforce academic standards by annually testing all students and reporting the results of students' performance to the public

Students in different tracks have (similar/different)________ opportunities to learn.

different

One way of assessing the contribution of schools to adolescents' intellectual development is by comparing changes in knowledge _______.

during the school year with changes during the summer

________ is a learning disability in which one has impaired ability in arithmetic.

dyscalculia

Corbin has a learning disability in which he has an impaired ability in reading and spelling. Corbin has ______.

dyslexia

Good schools in the United States _____. (Select all that apply.)

emphasize intellectual activities encourage students to be active participants in the learning process are well-integrated into the communities they serve have teachers who are committed to students

Teachers are likely to base their expectations about students, in part, on their ______.

ethnic and socioeconomic background

Shelly has always excelled at math and science. As a freshman, Shelly is taking senior-level advanced placement classes in both math and science. She has won state awards for her scientific discoveries and is already receiving offers from major universities throughout the country. Shelly's abilities in math and science classify her as ______.

gifted

Students who are unusually talented in some aspect of intellectual performance are called

gifted

Among (lower/higher) SES students, academic progress during the school year is comparable to that during the summer.

higher

The education crisis, and its implications for the labor force, is especially urgent within ______ schools.

inner-city public

The ______ school is an educational institution designed during the early era of public secondary education in which young adolescents are schooled separately from older adolescents.

junior high

Researchers agree that in good-quality schools, ______.

learning is more important to students than athletics or extracurricular activities

Teacher expectations have a cumulative (short/long) _______ impact on student achievement.

long

According to national surveys, levels of student engagement and excitement in American schools are (low/high)

low

The integration of all students with special needs into regular classrooms is called _______.

mainstreaming

Today, the ________ school replaces the junior high school in many districts.

middle

Toward the end of the twentieth century, the ______ school gained in popularity.

middle

Today, ______ of high school graduates enroll in college immediately after graduation.

more than two-thirds

A strong predictor of high achievement and reduced dropout rates is ______.

parent involvement

Subdivisions of the student body within large schools created to foster feelings of competence are referred to as _________ _______ ________. (3 words)

schools within schools

High school and junior high are part of the ________ education system.

secondary

One key aspect of school organization is the ______ of classrooms and schools.

size

Strong communities generate what has been called _________ _______(2) , which includes interpersonal resources that, like other financial capital, give "richer" students advantages over "poorer" ones.

social capital

The interpersonal resources available to an adolescent or family are called ______.

social capital

The past three decades have been dominated by what is called ________ - ________ reform, which focuses on policies designed to improve achievement by holding schools and students to a predetermined set of benchmarks measured by achievement tests.

standards-based

A possible disadvantage of schools within schools is that schools may inadvertently create ______.

subschools that vary in educational quality

The achievement gap between White and non-White students is (substantial/minimal) .

substantial

Children with a learning disability are defined as those who perform significantly poorer in school than ______.

their expected performance

Raul, Clayton, and Willie all attend Lincoln High School. Raul takes classes that are challenging and rigorous. Clayton takes remedial classes, as he has had academic difficulties in the past. Willie, an average student, takes the same classes as most of his peers. This example of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called ______.

tracking

The process of separating students into different levels of classes within the same school is called __________.

tracking

Young people who drop out of high school before graduation are at risk for ______. (Select all that apply.)

unintended pregnancy unemployment substance abuse delinquency

The increase in college enrollment has been especially dramatic among (men/women) .

women

________ _______ (2) is a get-tough approach to adolescent misbehavior that responds seriously to the first infraction.

zero tolerance