Chapter 25 Core Content HW

BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Low Blood Glucose

1. Low blood glucose 2. Cells in the pancreas 3. Glucagon 4. Liver cells 5. Glycogen breakdown; glucose released into blood

_____ are the main male hormones.

Androgens

Body cells that respond to insulin include

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

Liver cells.

From which part of the pituitary are hypothalamic hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin released?

Posterior pituitary

A liver cell responds to insulin by

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

When blood glucose levels are low

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

When blood glucose levels are high

The pancreas releases insulin.

How do hormones from the hypothalamus get to the anterior pituitary gland?

They are released near a capillary bed in the hypothalamus and travel a short distance to a second capillary bed in the pituitary, where they diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.

Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?

calcitonin

An important function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands is __________.

calcium homeostasis

Hormones are carried throughout the body to __________.

control whole-body activities

Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?

epinephrine and oxytocin

Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?

estrogen

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress.

glucocorticoids

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called

homeostasis

The __________ is/are the master control center of the endocrine system.

hypothalamus

Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones?

hypothalamus

Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones?

nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways

Which of the following organs has significant endocrine and nonendocrine functions?

pancreas

Which hormone stimulates milk production?

prolactin

Steroid hormone-receptor complexes act in _____.

the nucleus

The primary reason steroid hormones usually act slowly is that _____.

they turn genes on or off and it takes time for gene products to build up or become depleted

BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Hormones and Homeostasis

a. Negative feedback b. Endocrine cell c. Hormone d. Blood vessel

BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Regulating Blood Sugar

a. Pancreas releases insulin. b. Body cells take up more glucose. c. Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen. d. Blood glucose decreases to normal. e. Pancreas releases glucagon. f. Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose to the blood. g. Blood glucose increases to normal.

Learning through Art: The Human Endocrine System

a. pituitary b. growth hormone c. thyroid d. calcitonin, T3 and T4 e. pancreas f. insulin, glucagon g. ovaries h. estrogens, progesterone

Every hormone __________.

acts as a signal between cells

What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____.

association with a cell's plasma membrane