Chapter 25 Core Content HW
BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Low Blood Glucose
1. Low blood glucose 2. Cells in the pancreas 3. Glucagon 4. Liver cells 5. Glycogen breakdown; glucose released into blood
_____ are the main male hormones.
Androgens
Body cells that respond to insulin include
Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
Liver cells.
From which part of the pituitary are hypothalamic hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin released?
Posterior pituitary
A liver cell responds to insulin by
Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.
When blood glucose levels are low
The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.
When blood glucose levels are high
The pancreas releases insulin.
How do hormones from the hypothalamus get to the anterior pituitary gland?
They are released near a capillary bed in the hypothalamus and travel a short distance to a second capillary bed in the pituitary, where they diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.
Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?
calcitonin
An important function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands is __________.
calcium homeostasis
Hormones are carried throughout the body to __________.
control whole-body activities
Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?
epinephrine and oxytocin
Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
estrogen
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress.
glucocorticoids
The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called
homeostasis
The __________ is/are the master control center of the endocrine system.
hypothalamus
Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones?
hypothalamus
Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes?
luteinizing hormone (LH)
How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones?
nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways
Which of the following organs has significant endocrine and nonendocrine functions?
pancreas
Which hormone stimulates milk production?
prolactin
Steroid hormone-receptor complexes act in _____.
the nucleus
The primary reason steroid hormones usually act slowly is that _____.
they turn genes on or off and it takes time for gene products to build up or become depleted
BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Hormones and Homeostasis
a. Negative feedback b. Endocrine cell c. Hormone d. Blood vessel
BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Regulating Blood Sugar
a. Pancreas releases insulin. b. Body cells take up more glucose. c. Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen. d. Blood glucose decreases to normal. e. Pancreas releases glucagon. f. Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose to the blood. g. Blood glucose increases to normal.
Learning through Art: The Human Endocrine System
a. pituitary b. growth hormone c. thyroid d. calcitonin, T3 and T4 e. pancreas f. insulin, glucagon g. ovaries h. estrogens, progesterone
Every hormone __________.
acts as a signal between cells
What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____.
association with a cell's plasma membrane