Nutrition Chapter 9
Approximately how many kcalories are expended per kilogram body weight when walking a mile at a moderate pace?
1
The classification of underweight is defined when the BMI first drops below
18.5
Which of the following describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance?
Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat
Which of the following is a feature of the body's response to engaging in physical activity?
after an intense and vigorous workout, metabolism elevated for several hours
Which of the following is a feature of weight-loss remedies?
dietary supplements are not necessarily tested for safety or effectiveness
Which of the following would NOT be part of a successful program of weight gain in an underweight individual?
eat a large number of small meals
What is the classification of a person who is 6 feet 4 inches tall and 202 lbs?
heavy weight
Television watching contributes to obesity for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
it replaces time that could be spent eating
Which of the following is a feature of ghrelin?
it stimulates appetite and energy storage
Features of the adaptive response to regular physical exercise include all of the following EXCEPT
it stimulates digestive function in the postexercise period
Which of the following is a feature of ghrelin?
its blood concentration is very high in people with anorexia nervosa
What are the observed effects of sleep deprivation of leptin and ghrelin?
leptin decreases while ghrelin increases
As general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight?
1200
According to body mass index values, what fraction of the U.S. adult population is considered overweight or obese?
2/3
Approximately how many kcalories per week should be expended in physical activity in order to maintain a weight loss?
2000
A person who weighs 150 lbs. and walks at a pace of 3 miles/hour expends about how many kcalories in that hour?
270
A typical person who burns 200 kcalories during a 2-mile run would, in the postexercise period, burn an additional
30 kcalories
According to body mass index figures, what percentage of people aged 2-19 years are overweight or obese?
33%
Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults are classified as underweight?
5
Clinically severe obesity is also known as
morbid obesity
Over-the-counter products labeled as "dieter's tea" are reported to lead to
nausea and diarrhea
The prescription drug sibutramine acts by regulating the utilization of
serotonin
To help maximize the long-term success of a person's weight-loss program, which of the following personal attitudes should be encouraged in the individual?
strongly believing that weight can be lost
All of the following are behavior modifications for losing weight EXCEPT
taking smaller portions of food but always eating everything on the plate quickly
What primary reason that laxatives are generally not effective agents for losing weight?
they act on the large intestine rather than the small intestine
Fad diets often produce weight loss, at least initially, because
they are designed to limit energy intake to around 1200 kcal/day
What serves as the body's chief storage site for lipids?
white adipose tissue
To help prevent body fat gain, the DRI suggests daily, moderately intense, physical activities totaling
60 minutes
At any given time, approximately what percentage of all U.S. adults are attempting to lose weight?
60%
Which of the following is a feature of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme?
Its activities in men and women are sex-related and explain the differences in major fat storage regions of the body
Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cell development?
More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight persons
Which of the following defines the body's set point?
Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight
Which of the following is a feature of physical inactivity and energy balance?
differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about 350 kcalories per day
All of the following are associations between the environment and food intake EXCEPT
distractions generally appear to reduce food intake
All of the following are sensible guidelines for diet plans EXCEPT
eat rapidly to avoid prolonged contact with food
Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in formerly obese people who have lost weight?
energy requirements are lower than expected for their current body weight
A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a(n)
fad diet
What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?
fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty
Of the following, which is NOT among the recommended strategies for weight gain in an underweight person?
forced awakening during the night for supplemental meals and snacks
Why is weight loss, in part, more successful with exercise and also after bypass surgery?
ghrelin levels are relatively low
What is the principal reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?
glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood
What is the chief factor that determines a person's susceptibility to obesity?
heredity and environment
Aggressive treatment should be introduced in obese people if they have which of the following risk factors?
high LDL and low HDL
Which of the following does NOT represent a common environmental influence on eating behaviors?
being in a pleasant atmosphere often lengthens the time of the meal but not the amount of food eaten
Kirima is a Native Eskimo who lives in one of the coldest regions in the world. What type of adipose tissue is most effective at helping her to maintain warm body temperatures during the coldest parts of the year?
brown
On which organ or tissue does leptin primarily act?
hypothalamus
Among the following, which is the most important strategy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight?
a high-kcalories diet plus regular exercise
In the quest for achieving desirable body weight, adults have control over all of the following EXCEPT
adipocyte number
Fraudulent weight reduction literature refers to visually apparent, lumpy forms of body fat as
cellulite
The feeling of satiety from weight-loss diets is best achieved by diets rich in
complex carbohydrates
What is the chief reason that health-care professionals advise people to engage only in low-to-moderate intensity activities for prolonged duration rather than more intense, shorter routines?
compliance is better
Hyperplastic obesity is related to a(n)
increase in the number of fat cells
What is the primary action of orlistat, a weight-loss drug?
it inhibits pancreatic lipase
As a new assistant in a weight-loss research laboratory, you are given a tour of the mouse laboratory. Why is the leptin-deficient mouse much larger than its leptin-sufficient counterpart?
leptin deficiency enhances appetite and decreases energy expenditure
Which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?
lipoprotein lipase
Adverse effects on organs such as the liver from the presence of excess body fat is known as
lipotoxicity
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of obese people?
most weight-loss programs that use state-of-the-art techniques allow for long-term weight loss
Which of the following is a relation of "spot reducing" to exercise?
no exercise can target fat removal from any specific area of the body
Compared with non-obese people, obese people have a lower
physical activity level
Which of the following describes a trend of worldwide obesity?
prevalence of obesity has leveled out in the last few years
Because obesity apparently has many causes, even in an individual, the best approach seems to be
prevention
What is the best approach to weight loss?
reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure
All of the following are characteristics of food portion sizes EXCEPT
reducing portion size has a bigger impact than reducing energy density as a means of lowering total energy intake
Which of the following would be most effective at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program?
select less energy-dense foods
The drug sibutramine reduces appetite by affecting
serotonin utilization in the brain
Your patient, Mr. Sinclair, has a BMI of 43 and is taking drugs to lose weight. He has heard that some drugs cause lots of gastrointestinal discomfort and would prefer to take one that doesn't give him any of these side effects. Which of the following should be prescribed for Mr. Sinclair?
sibutramine
The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in
the activity of lipoprotein lipase
All of the following describe the behavior of fat cells EXCEPT
the number decreases when fat is lost from the body
What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine?
the products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures
All of the following are features of fat cell metabolism in men and women EXCEPT
the rate of fat breakdown is higher in women than in men
Which of the following describes the research results regarding obese women in weight-loss programs?
they initially expected to lose unrealistic amounts of weight
All of the following are meal-planning strategies for underweight people who desire to gain weight EXCEPT
they should refrain from between-meal snacking, especially energy drinks
Which of the following is a characteristic of the body's major types of adipose tissue?
very little brown fat is found in adults whereas more is seen in infants
Which of the following describes a connection between physical activity and energy expenditure?
walking a mile uses about the same energy as running a mile
Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in obesity?
The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively constant
Jody is taking a nutrition class, and has been assigned to evaluate a popular diet plan. She finds a description of a plan for her assignment in a magazine at the grocery store. Which of the following statements in the magazine would suggest that this plan is an unsound, fad diet?
"once you complete this 6-month plan, you'll never have to diet again."
To qualify for successful weight-loss maintenance, a 200-pound person who intentionally lost 20 lbs must hold the loss for at least
1 year
What percentage of people in the United States who use nonprescription weight-loss products have a normal weight?
10
Approximately what percentage of overweight people who intentionally lose weight are able to maintain the weight loss for at least one year?
50
In a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time frame for losing 10% of initial body weight is
6 months
What is Prader-Willi syndrome?
A genetic disorder resulting in obesity
Obesity resulting from an increase in the NUMBER of fat cells is termed
hyperplastic obesity
Obesity resulting from an increase in the SIZE of fat cells is termed
hypertrophic obesity
An important aid in any weight-loss diet program is to
increase physical activity
What is the significance of the uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue?
increased loss of body heat
Which of the following is known to cause a reduction in fat cell number in mice?
injection of leptin
Which of the following is a feature of leptin?
it is a satiety signal
Which of the following is NOT a feature of adiponectin?
it is higher in obese people compared with lean people
An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to
keep a record of your eating habits
All of the following are characteristics of the results of weight-loss surgery EXCEPT
medical supervision in the postsurgery period is required only for the first 6-9 months
All of the following are features of the effect of food accessibility on food intake EXCEPT
people at home would rather travel to the store to obtain new food than eat the leftovers
When consumed in high doses, which of the following is associated with modest weight loss in people?
pyruvate
All of the following are factors that meet the conditions for surgical intervention for weight loss in obese people EXCEPT
ability to tolerate sibutramine, orlistat, or phentermine
Which of the following is a feature of weight gain and genetics?
Identical twins are twice as likely to weigh the same compared with fraternal twins
Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty he continued to gain weight steadily until at age 23, when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 50 pounds. Which of the following most likely happened to Tom's fat cells?
They shrank in size but did not decrease in number
What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long-term basis for most overweight people?
o.5-2 lbs/week
Bariatrics is a field of medicine that specializes in the treatment of
obesity
All of the following are hormones that promote satiety EXCEPT
ghrelin
Which of the following is NOT a satiating hormone?
ghrelin
