Chapter 6 Bone Tissue and the Skeleton System Test

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tendon

A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a

the tibia

An example of a long bone would be

patella

An example of a sesamoid bone is

Fracture were the bone is shattered.

Comminuted fracture

A type of fracture were one or both ends of the broken bone pierces the overlying skin.

Compound (open) fracture

Anti-inflammatory steroid

Glucocorticoids

Hormone that stimulates bone growth.

Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

A type of fracture that does not result in the broken bone penetrating the skin.

Simple fracture

spongy bone

Spicules and trabeculae are found in ________.

A thin break caused by increased physical activity.

Stress fracture

resorption

The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as ________.

Storage of calcium and phosphate ions, provide support for most muscles, protects the spinal cord, protection for the brain

What are some functions of the skeleton?

Collagen fibers

What gives bone its flexibility?

lowering blood calcium

What is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

storage of red blood cells

What is of the not a function of the skeleton

marrow cavity

The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ________.

periosteum

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the

epiphysis

The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the ________.

Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling

What is the sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

epiphyseal line

What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?

articular cartilage

What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?

osteoclast

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

Hydroxyapatite

Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?

Insufficient bone mass production.

Osteopenia

open

Bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called ________.

osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells are called ________.

The result of spongy bone starting to decrease.

Osteoporosis

Increases osteoblastic activity; inhibits osteoclast activity; stimulates kidneys to increase loss of calcium in the urine

Calcitonin

Stimulates absorption of calcium ions and phosphate from the small intestines into the blood. Increases bone deposition. Active form of Vitamin D

Calcitriol

Muscle contractions, neuron function, blood clotting, endocrine functions

Calcium is required for:

Hormones contributed to skeleton development. Dramatically accelerates bone growth.

Estrogen & Testosterone

lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis

Fracture were one end of the bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other.

Impacted fracture

hyaline cartilage

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is ________, which is replaced by bone.

spongy bone

In which type of bone would trabeculae be present?

flat bones of the skull

Intramembranous ossification produces the ________.

bone to bone

Ligaments attach

Stress, nutrition, hormones

Name three factors affecting bone growth.

parathyroid hormone

Osteoclast activity is increased by

calcitonin

Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.

a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix

Osteoporosis is

Stimulates osteoclast activity ; makes kidneys reabsorb calcium but not phosphate; makes calcitriol more effective; the hormone for bone resorption.

Parathyroid Hormone

A type of fracture that occurs in bones weakened by disease.

Pathological fracture

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral leg bone (fibula).

Potts fracture

red bone marrow

The spaces in spongy bone of an adult's proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur are filled with

epiphyseal line

The thin layer of compact bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the ________.

Hormone important to the early bone and brain development.

Thyroid Hormone (Thyroxine)


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