Chapter 6 Bone Tissue and the Skeleton System Test
tendon
A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a
the tibia
An example of a long bone would be
patella
An example of a sesamoid bone is
Fracture were the bone is shattered.
Comminuted fracture
A type of fracture were one or both ends of the broken bone pierces the overlying skin.
Compound (open) fracture
Anti-inflammatory steroid
Glucocorticoids
Hormone that stimulates bone growth.
Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
A type of fracture that does not result in the broken bone penetrating the skin.
Simple fracture
spongy bone
Spicules and trabeculae are found in ________.
A thin break caused by increased physical activity.
Stress fracture
resorption
The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as ________.
Storage of calcium and phosphate ions, provide support for most muscles, protects the spinal cord, protection for the brain
What are some functions of the skeleton?
Collagen fibers
What gives bone its flexibility?
lowering blood calcium
What is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
storage of red blood cells
What is of the not a function of the skeleton
marrow cavity
The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ________.
periosteum
The covering of the outer surface of bone is the
epiphysis
The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the ________.
Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
What is the sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?
epiphyseal line
What is the site of longitudinal growth in long bones?
articular cartilage
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
osteoclast
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
Hydroxyapatite
Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?
Insufficient bone mass production.
Osteopenia
open
Bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called ________.
osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells are called ________.
The result of spongy bone starting to decrease.
Osteoporosis
Increases osteoblastic activity; inhibits osteoclast activity; stimulates kidneys to increase loss of calcium in the urine
Calcitonin
Stimulates absorption of calcium ions and phosphate from the small intestines into the blood. Increases bone deposition. Active form of Vitamin D
Calcitriol
Muscle contractions, neuron function, blood clotting, endocrine functions
Calcium is required for:
Hormones contributed to skeleton development. Dramatically accelerates bone growth.
Estrogen & Testosterone
lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone
How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis
Fracture were one end of the bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other.
Impacted fracture
hyaline cartilage
In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is ________, which is replaced by bone.
spongy bone
In which type of bone would trabeculae be present?
flat bones of the skull
Intramembranous ossification produces the ________.
bone to bone
Ligaments attach
Stress, nutrition, hormones
Name three factors affecting bone growth.
parathyroid hormone
Osteoclast activity is increased by
calcitonin
Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.
a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix
Osteoporosis is
Stimulates osteoclast activity ; makes kidneys reabsorb calcium but not phosphate; makes calcitriol more effective; the hormone for bone resorption.
Parathyroid Hormone
A type of fracture that occurs in bones weakened by disease.
Pathological fracture
Fracture of the distal end of the lateral leg bone (fibula).
Potts fracture
red bone marrow
The spaces in spongy bone of an adult's proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur are filled with
epiphyseal line
The thin layer of compact bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the ________.
Hormone important to the early bone and brain development.
Thyroid Hormone (Thyroxine)
