Chapter 7-10 Test Review
Thomas Paine
- Author of The Common Sense
Thomas Jefferson
- his main function was a politician. - Believed Parliament had no power in the American Colonies - Virginia Representative at Second Continental Congress - Chosen to write the Declaration of Independence - Served in Virginia House of Delegates
Q: The hatred for the Quartering Act, passed by Parliament to affect the British colonies in North America, can be seen in which Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
A: 3rd Amendment
Q: Which statement best describes a political theory of John Locke?
A: A government's power comes from the consent of the people. The idea that a government's power comes from the consent of the people is one political theory of John Locke. He also believed that the purpose of government was to protect natural rights.
Q: Why did American colonists resent British taxes?
A: Americans did not elect representatives to Parliament as people who lived in Great Britain did.
Q: In Federalist No. 51, James Madison's concerns about a powerful legislative branch point to his belief in
A: Bicameralism
Q: Part of the American colonists' anger towards Britain prior to the American Revolution stemmed from the fact that
A: Britain had not enforced trade policies for a long time, and then began enforcing them to support the Seven Years' War.
Q: Colonial radicals formed these groups in towns through the colonies to keep the public informed about abuse of colonial rights by the British government. They were
A: Committees of Correspondence. As correspondence is a synonym for "letter," the name says it all. Before e-mail and cell phones, the only way to communicate long distances was by ordinary mail. These folks spread the word of each outage to keep the citizenry stirred up for action against the British.
Q: What was the last name of the British General who surrendered at Yorktown in 1781, ending the fighting of the American Revolution?
A: Cornwallis. Lord Charles Cornwallis surrendered his troops to George Washington in October of 1781. Though the fighting in the war as over, official peace papers would not be signed until 23 months later in Paris.
Q: This movement was characterized by a belief that the U.S. national government under the Articles of Confederation was too weak, and that a stronger central government was needed.
A: Federalism
Q: The XYZ Affair (1797) led to near formal war with _________.
A: France. The XYZ Affair occurred during the administration of John Adams. It led to near formal war with France. French Foreign Minister Talleyrand's refusal to meet American ambassadors without paying a bribe led to probably the lowest point in US-French relations in history.
Q: Why was the Declaration of Independence a key factor in the American colonists' ability to receive wartime aid from other countries?
A: It showed that the colonists no longer recognized the English king. The Declaration of Independence was a key factor in the American colonists' ability to receive foreign aid for their war effort because it showed that the colonists no longer recognized the English king.
Q: Fundamentally, the dispute between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton during the Washington administration came down to the fact that
A: Jefferson thought a strong central government would infringe on the rights of the people, while Hamilton believed that the central government needed to be strong to protect the rights of all.
Q: Thomas Jefferson's statement about unalienable rights would MOST likely have been influenced by the writings of
A: John Locke
Q: Colonial protests and boycotts against the Stamp Act eventually led to
A: Parliament's decision to repeal the Act. Colonial protests and boycotts against the Stamp Act eventually led to Parliament's decision to repeal the Act. Groups like the Sons and Daughters of Liberty made enforcing the legislation very costly for the British; by 1766 Parliament made the decision to repeal the Act.
Q: "For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury...." - From The Declaration of Independence Each phrase from this section of the Declaration of Independence begins with the word 'for', which is referring to the actions of
A: Parliament. This section of the The Declaration of Independence singles out the British Parliament for their role in the series of events which lead to strife in the colonies. The section of the document that begins with "He has..." refers to the actions of King George III.
Q: To which principle of government is Montesquieu's statement MOST directly related?
A: Separation of Powers
Q: The news media in the United States would be most affected by limitations placed on which Amendment?
A: The 1st Amendment. With the words, 'Congress shall make no law bridging the freedom of speech, or of the press' in the 1st Amendment, the newspapers (and later magazines, radio, and television) were given great liberties. Their responsibility to inform the public and investigate issues of public and private concern remains vital to an informed citizenry.
Q: Name where this passage came from: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
A: The Declaration of Independence. The passage is part of the Declaration of Independence. This is often quoted as being the fundamental expression of freedom and democracy.
Q: According to the timeline, which political party was founded by a "Founding Father?"
A: The Democratic-Republican Party was founded by Thomas Jefferson, a "Founding Father" of the United States. Remember that he was the main writer of the Declaration if Independence, and you really don't get more "Founding Father" than that!
Q: What group or groups of people would support the views of Thomas Paine?
A: The Patriots. Patriots were the group that supported the views of Thomas Paine and other men like him. Tories and Loyalists were groups that supported the British. Huguenots are French Protestants.
"We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity...." Q: These are the opening lines of what famous document?
A: The US Constitution
Q: Which statement BEST describes an effect of the British policy of salutary neglect?
A: The colonies developed an aptitude for SELF-governing.
Q: What was John Locke's Enlightenment idea of the "social contract"?
A: The concept of a social contract states that One natural right is the right to replace leaders if they fail to lead as the people desire.
Q: What Enlightenment idea is reflected in the Preamble?
A: The government's power comes from the people.
Q: The French-Indian/Seven Years War is often viewed by historians as being a factor in causing the American Revolution. Which of these BEST explains why this might be the case?
A: The high cost of the war meant Parliament had to create new taxes in the American colonies.
Whiskey Rebellion
A: The tax on whiskey. The so-called "Whiskey Rebellion" challenged the new government to collect the tax on whiskey. Had the rebellion succeeded, the power of the government to collect taxes and thereby to remain in existence would have been undermined. And keep this timeline in mind: Shays' Rebellion: August 1786-June 1787 Constitution Ratified: June 12, 1788 Whisky Rebellion: 1791-1794
Q: The delegates who created the United States Constitution devised a government that was divided into three separate branches. What was the purpose of this division?
A: To make sure that no one group or individual had too much power
Q: The impeachment procedure is an example of what principle?
A: checks and balances
Q: The rebellions started by Daniel Shays in 1786 were a protest against
A: debts and businesses' refusal to accept paper currency.
Q: Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party by
A: enacting a series of restrictive measures known as the Intolerable Acts.
Q: In the United States, the Marquis de Lafayette is best known for
A: fighting for the United States in the American Revolution.
Q: Thomas Jefferson was important in the Revolutionary era because
A: he wrote much of the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson wrote much of the Declaration of Independence. His words combined many of the ideas of the Enlightenment and eloquently defined the colonists complaints and revolutionary aims.
Q: What does Thomas Paine believe the government should protect?
A: life, liberty, and property rights. Thomas Paine only believed that the government should protect life, liberty, and property rights. Thomas Jefferson changed the ideal of the Enlightenment movement to reflect the right to pursue what one wanted without government restrictions.
Q: This quote from the Declaration of Independence is referring to the principle of
A: limited government.
This quotation represents a major principle of US foreign policy known as _______, first espoused in the famous farewell address by President George Washington.
A: neutrality
Q: Based on this chart, Colonial forces would have had an advantage
A: planning where to engage British forces in battle.
Q: The significance of Thomas Paine's Common Sense was that it __________
A: pointed out the absurdity of continued loyalty to King George III.
Q: Later in the Federalist, No. 84, Hamilton says, "Here, in strictness, the people surrender nothing, and as they retain everything, they have no need of particular reservations." Hamilton believed that the new constitution would ______________
A: protect all rights for the citizens and made a Bill of Rights useless.
Q: Montesquieu is credited with devising the basic Constitutional principle of _____________.
A: separation and balance of governmental power.
Q: The New Jersey and Virginia plans of the 1780s were each meant to
A: settle issues regarding the power of states in the national government.
Q: It is evident from these events that in the early years of the Revolutionary War -April, 1775- Americans win at Lexington & Concord -June, 1775- Americans retreat at Bunker Hill -December, 1776- Americans re-capture Trenton -September, 1777- British occupy Philadelphia
A: that the outcome was far from decided.
Q: Which of these accurately reflects a WEAKNESS in the Articles of Confederation?
A: that there was no separation of powers
Q: "For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us...." -from The Declaration of Independence This line of The Declaration of Independence refers to the Quartering Act of 1774, which was enacted by Parliament in response to
A: the Boston Tea Party.
Q: This line of The Declaration of Independence refers to the Quartering Act of 1774, which was enacted by Parliament in response to
A: the Boston Tea Party. The The Declaration of Independence is filled with references to events that lead to the separation of the colonies from Great Britain. This line refers to the Boston Tea Party (1773).
Q: Both John Locke and Thomas Jefferson wrote about the natural rights of man. In what document are these "unalienable rights" specifically mentioned?
A: the Declaration of Independence
Q: "The Sovereign, having no force other than the legislative power, acts only by means of the laws; and the laws being solely the authentic acts of the general will, the Sovereign cannot act save when the people are assembled." --Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Of The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right, 1762. Which concept is central both to the Declaration of Independence and to Social Contract Theory?
A: the authority of the government should be derived from the consent of the governed. In 1776, Thomas Jefferson wrote that the authority of the government should be derived from the consent of the governed in the Declaration of Independence. Both men argue that sovereignty (the power to make the laws) should be in the hands of the people.
Q: The MAIN reason why Britain's American colonies were most angered by the taxes imposed on them by Britain was because
A: the colonists felt like they had no say in the taxation. Since colonists felt like they had no say in their taxation they believed they were obliged to protest. One of the slogans of the Revolution was "no taxation without representation."
Q: Why did the Anti-Federalists push for the addition of a Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution?
A: they believed the people's liberties needed protection from the government
"THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value." - Thomas Paine, The Crisis, December 23, 1776 Q: In this section of The Crisis, Paine is suggesting that
A: times are tough, but victory is possible.
Q: The unicameral legislative branch created by the Articles of Confederation was MOST LIKELY changed to a bicameral branch in the United States Constitution because people
A: wanted more of a separation of government power.
Q: In the years leading up to the American Revolution, the Committees of Correspondence were MOST important because they
A: were the first attempt to maintain close political cooperation among all colonists. The Committees of Correspondence were the first attempt to maintain close political cooperation among all colonists. Samuel Adams was instrumental in organizing the committees that sent letters back-and-forth to members in most colonies, debating the complaints and concerns about British rule.
Natural Rights
Argument that because you are breathing, you should have these rights. Everyone should have rights because you're a person.
Q: What did the ideas of John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau have in common?
B: The philosophies inspired the American and French revolutions.
Federalist Papers
Created by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. This was a series of Articles written to persuade New York to ratify the Constitution.
Federalist vs. Antifederalist
First division of opinion. Bill of rights fixed them.
Patrick Henry
He was an early colonial leader who was opposed to British tyranny, supported republicanism, and famously said \"Give me Liberty, or give me Death!\" in a speech in 1775.
Why did we not like British taxes?
It's because we were American citizens.
Battle of Yorktown
Last battle. This is the battle where the British forfeited.
What are the limits of your freedom?
Laws are the limits of our freedoms. It stops when you interfere with someone else's freedom.
Lord Cornwallis
Lead the southern theater during the American Revolution. Invested by General Greene. He was the British general that was defeated at Yorktown to signify the end (and loss) of the Revolutionary War. Last full standing armies in the Americas.
Who were the 3 political philosophers that helped shape the constitution?
Locke, Montisque, and Paine. (and Voltaire). These people had influence on the government. Responsible for shaping the government.
Creation of Political Parties (why the split, topics)
Mind power that split the country. Interpretation split them. Hamilton vs. Jeffersonian
Social Contract
People must participate in the government. It's run by the people. The government work for the people.
Shay's Rebellion
Shay's Rebellion started because of farmers protesting the taxation payments. Farmers were forced to pay their debts in gold rather than paper currency, even though they could rarely get their hands on gold. This uprising was one of the things that led to the Constitutional Convention.
Reasons for the need for a new government after the AOC (the Consititution)? Reasons/Weaknesses
The Articles of Confederation was a a weak document for a number of reasons, but one glaring one what that there was no separation of powers. The government consisted only of a unicameral congress: there was no president, executive branch, or court system. This actually helped to make the national government too weak and the state governments very powerful. Under the Articles of Confederation, states retained their freedom and independence. Each of the 13 states had a vote in the weak national Congress (appointed by the state governments), while a vote of 9 states was required in order to pass any laws and a unanimous vote of all 13 states was required for the Articles to be amended.
The Declaration of Independence
The D.O.I believes that the people gives government the power to exist. A belief in the natural rights of citizens was one of the major philosophies expressed in the Declaration of Independence. "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
Who helped the US and how during the revolution?
The French allied with the U.S. They allied from Great Britain. In its military efforts, until the U.S. had full independence from Great Britain.
Purpose of Bill of Rights
The purpose of the Bill of Rights was to protect an individual from abuse of power by government.
Intolerable Acts
These were series of laws passed in response to the Boston Tea Party by the British Parliament in 1774. Those laws included the Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Boston Port Act, and the Quartering Act. These acts are considered a significant cause of the American Revolutionary War.
Federalist
This early American political party was founded by Alexander Hamilton and based upon the belief that a strong national government was critical to the survival of the nation.
Washington's Farewell Address
This is the name to the essay written by the first U.S. President in which we warned of the dangers of sectionalism, political parties, becoming involved in foreign affairs, escalating debt, and much more.
Federalism
This system of government has powers divided between the central government and regional governments, with central government being supreme.
Stamp Act
This was an Act passed in 1765 by the British, requiring all legal documents, contracts, newspapers, etc. in the American colonies to carry a tax stamp to help pay for the military presence in the colonies.
James Madison
This was an author of the Virginia Plan, considered to be the \"Father of the Constitution,\" and President during the War of 1812.
Boston Massacre
This was an event that occurred on Monday, March 5, 1770 that helped spark the American Revolution.
Proclamation Line of 1763
This was issued by King George III at the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Year\'s War to organize Britain\'s new North American empire. It regulated trade, settlement and land purchases with the Native Americans. It gave Britain a monopoly on land purchased west of the Appalachians.
Antifederalist
fixed by the Bills of Rights
Which liberty is guaranteed by the First Amendment?
freedom of speech
George Washington
· Commander of Continental Army · Encamped troops at Valley Forge in 1777 · Lost Philadelphia to British in 1777 · Accepted British surrender at Yorktown
John Adams
· Massachusetts delegate to First and Second Continental Congress · Co-author and signer of the Declaration of Independence · First Vice President of the United States · Second President of the United States - President John Adams became the second president of the United States and is known as the "father of the navy" because he created the Naval department.
