Chapter 7
A general function of vitamin C is its action as a(n) ____. a. antioxidant b. antiviral agent c. anti-cancer agent d. anti-anxiety agent e. free radical
A
All women of child-bearing age are advised to get adequate folate to prevent cases of ____. a. neural tube defects b. rickets c. scurvy d. morning sickness e. insomnia
A
At her sister's summer barbeque, Donna looks over the meats on the table to decide which meat to choose. In lieu of her concerns about cancer risk, what meat would be her best choice? a. Roasted turkey b. A hot dog c. Salami slices d. Fried chicken e. Cured ham
A
Because ____ are widespread in foods, people who eat a varied diet are not at risk for deficiencies of these vitamins. a. biotin and pantothenic acid b. biotin and choline c. phytoestrogens and choline
A
Folic acid is added to ____ in order to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects. a. grain products b. milk and dairy foods c. frozen and canned vegetables d. ground beef e. fruit juices
A
Isoflavones are phytochemicals found in ____. a. soy products b. citrus fruits c. pumpkin d. tomatoes e. cruciferous vegetables
A
Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with ____ protect cells from damage. a. antioxidant properties b. anti-estrogen properties c. anti-cancer properties d. anti-progesterone properties e. anti-androgen properties
A
The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) ____. a. antioxidan t b. peroxide c. free radical d. coenzyme e. enzyme
A
What factor is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer? a. High intake of calories b. High intake of citrus fruits c. Moderate intake of fats and oils d. High intake of phytochemicals e. High intake of cruciferous vegetables
A
What is not a factor that one should consider when choosing a supplement to purchase? a. Price b. Percent of DV for nutrients c. Inclusion of nonvitamin substances d. USP symbol e. Expiration date
A
______ can lead to a deficiency in vitamin K. a. Taking antibiotics b. Not eating dairy foods c. Eating few fruits and vegetables d. A lack of intrinsic factor
A
Excess intake of water-soluble vitamins are typically ____. a. unabsorbed during digestion b. excreted in the urine c. stored in the liver, bone, and adipose tissue d. excreted during respiration e. reach toxic levels in the body
B
Milk is sold in protective cardboard or opaque plastic containers rather than in transparent glass bottles to minimize the loss of ____. a. vitamin B12 b. riboflavin c. niacin d. vitamin D e. vitamin E
B
One of the functions of vitamin C in the body is ______. a. to serve as a coenzyme in the formation of red blood cells b. to function in collagen formation c. to work with calcium in blood coagulation d. to extract energy from nutrients e. to synthesize genetic material
B
The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is ____. a. riboflavin b. vitamin B6 c. biotin d. vitamin A
B
What recommendation helps minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling? a. Peel and wash fruit when you get home from the market. b. Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible. c. Store bananas, tomatoes, and potatoes in your refrigerator. d. Eat frozen vegetables within a year of purchase. e. Freeze fresh fruits if not consumed within three days after purchase.
B
What vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness? a. Vitamin K b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin D d. Biotin e. Niacin
B
A reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is ____. a. red meat b. dark green vegetables c. fortified milk d. enriched breads and cereals e. fresh fruits
C
Choline is ____. a. found only in animal foods b. created by the body when intake is lacking c. a conditionally essential nutrient
C
Donna can lower her risk of skin cancer by consuming foods high in beta-carotene such as _____. a. cucumber s b. apples c. cantaloup e d. bananas e. avocados
C
Lycopene, found in ____, may help reduce the risk of ____. a. bananas; high blood pressure b. summer squash; macular degeneration c. tomatoes; prostate cancer d. cruciferous vegetables; breast cancer e. citrus fruits; skin cancer
C
Riboflavin is destroyed by ____. a. heat b. acid c. ultraviolet light d. alkali e. temperatures below 35 degrees
C
Strict vegetarians are at risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency because ____. a. specific foods in their diet inhibit the absorption of vitamin B12 b. their diet causes increased excretion of the vitamin c. only animal foods contain sufficient amounts of the vitamin d. their diet increases the rate of use of the vitamin by their bodies e. vitamin B12 is unavailable in fortified foods
C
Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases are called _______. a. enzymes b. isoflavones c. free radicals d. antioxidants e. phytochemical s
C
Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from ____. a. consuming too many dark green and deep orange vegetables b. eating liver more than once a week c. consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements d. drinking too much milk e. consuming too many servings of fortified foods
C
What food is an unlikely source of beta-carotene? a. Almonds b. Avocadoes c. Romaine lettuce d. Salmon e. Chicken
C
Which food group is the best source of vitamin C? a. Milk group b. Protein foods group c. Fruit group d. Grains group e. Fats and oils group
C
Which herb is mismatched with its purported use? a. Black cohosh—reduces symptoms of menopause b. Ginger—settles an upset stomach c. Psyllium—improves memory d. Feverfew—reduces severity of migraines e. Milk thistle—promotes growth of liver cells
C
Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin
C
Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body? a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin B6 c. Vitamin E d. Niacin e. Thiamin
C
_______ is the vitamin D deficiency in children. a. Pellagra b. Osteomalaci a c. Rickets d. Scurvy e. Beriberi
C
An elderly individual who cannot leave the house is at risk of a ______ deficiency. a. vitamin A b. vitamin C c. vitamin E d. vitamin D e. folate
D
Donna is surprised to learn that despite a family history of cancer, there is still a lot she can do to prevent cancer and lower her risk. Which is not a lifestyle behavior that can reduce her cancer risk? a. Get to a healthy weight b. Limit sun exposure c. Eat more fruits and vegetables d. Don't worry about energy intake e. Establish a regular activity routine
D
Donna read that cruciferous vegetables may reduce the incidence of cancer at several sites. Which dish is a good source of a cruciferous vegetable? a. Corn-on-the-cob b. Fresh tomato c. Raw baby carrots d. Broccoli slaw e. Green beans
D
High blood levels of homocysteine ____. a. correlate with diets high in fruits and vegetables b. have no known relationship to chronic disease risk c. can reduce the blood's ability to clot and increase bleeding risk d. tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate e. support healthy brain tissue and improved cognitive ability
D
Individuals who ________ are at high risk for a deficiency of vitamin B12. a. consume little fruits and vegetables b. consume few dairy products c. don't take a vitamin and mineral d. lack intrinsic factor e. don't have daily exposure to sunlight
D
________ can be synthesized by good bacteria in the intestinal tract. a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin K e. Niacin
D
The body can store as much as a _____ supply of vitamin A in the body. a. 3-week b. 1- month c. 3- month d. 6- month e. 1-year
E
What factor is classified as a cancer initiator? a. Excess dietary fat b. Obesity c. Excess alcohol d. Lack of physical activity e. Cigarette smoke.
E
______ plays a key role in blood clotting. a. Riboflavi n b. Folate c. Niacin d. Vitamin E e. Vitamin K
E
A deficiency in Vitamin B12 is due to inadequate intake of the vitamin. a. True b. Fals e
False
A diet low in fat-soluble vitamins will result in a more rapid onset of deficiency symptoms than one low in water-soluble vitamins. a. True b. Fals
False
Beta-carotene found in many animal sources is a precursor to vitamin A. a. True b. Fals e
False
Excessive sun exposure can cause vitamin D toxicity. a. True b. Fals e
False
High intakes of B6, B12, and folate are associated with higher levels of homocysteine and a lower risk of blood clot formation. a. True b. Fals e
False
Human population studies overwhelmingly confirm the association between breast cancer and dietary fat intake. a. True b. Fals
False
Multi-vitamin tablet overdoses are one of the top causes of accidental death in youngsters. a. True b. Fals
False
Research has proven that the common cold can be prevented by increasing intake of Vitamin C. a. True b. Fals
False
Risk factors for colon cancer include a high fiber intake and low red meat intake. a. True b. Fals e
False
Some of the vitamins serve as sources of energy. a. True b. Fals e
False
Taken regularly, vitamin supplements are the best way to obtain balanced nutrition. a. True b. Fals e
False
Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and corn. a. True b. Fals e
False
Vitamin A is water soluble and found in the non-fat part of the milk. a. True b. Fals e
False
Vitamin K and B6 play key roles in the formation of healthy red blood cells. a. True b. Fals e
False
Vitamin supplements can help reduce stress, decrease fatigue, and increase energy. a. True B. False
False
Water-soluble vitamins are more stable during preparation and cooking than fat-soluble vitamins. a. True b. Fals e
False
Because excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, it is possible for megadoses of fat- soluble vitamins to build up to toxic levels a. True b. Fals e
True
Excluding an entire food group may lead to vitamin deficiencies over time. a. True b. Fals e
True
Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe. a. True b. Fals e
True
Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women. a. True b. Fals
True
Phytochemicals in food are superior to the phytochemicals found in supplements. a. True b. Fals e
True
Regular consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as beta-carotene may delay may prevent or delay macular degeneration. a. True b. Fals e
True
Research suggests that diet may play a role in initiating cancer, speeding its development, or preventing cancer. a. True b. Fals e
True
The Vitamins C, D, and K are all actively involved in bone health and maintenance. a. True b. Fals e
True
The disease pellagra is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and, in severe cases, dementia. a. True b. Fals e
True
The primary function of vitamin D is the regulation of the use of calcium and phosphorus within the body. a. True b. Fals e
True
Vegetarians have a lower risk of developing cancer. a. True b. Fals e
True
Vitamins promote growth and reproduction and help maintain health. a. True b. Fals e
True
Excesses of the fat-soluble vitamins are ____. a. converted to inert byproducts by the liver b. excreted in feces c. excreted in urine d. stored in the pancreas e. stored in the liver and in body fat
e
The effects of a deficiency of vitamin D are most readily observed in the ____. a. nervous system b. cardiovascular system c. muscular system d. epithelial tissue e. skeletal system
e
The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to a _____ deficiency. a. vitamin A b. B6 c. riboflavin d. vitamin K e. B12
e
The National Cancer Institute estimates that about 85 percent of all cancers are associated with ____. a. genetics and related risk factors b. lifestyle factors & environmental exposure c. tobacco use d. alcohol intake e. occupation-related factors
B
What would you recommend to someone who wants to make sure her intake is close to the RDA for all vitamins? a. Eat selected fruits and vegetables in very large quantities. b. Eat a variety of all food groups daily. c. Eat a lot of chicken and meat. d. Eat legumes three times per week.
B
When the diet contains an adequate amount of protein, the body can synthesize niacin from the amino acid ____. a. lysine b. tryptophan c. phenylalanin e d. valine e. tyrosine
B
Vitamin E is ____. a. found mostly in fruits b. a precursor to vitamin C c. a remedy for nighttime leg cramps d. found mostly in vegetable oils e. also called intrinsic factor
D
What vitamin has been shown to reduce LDL-cholesterol and raise HDL-cholesterol when taken in doses 10 to 15 times the RDA? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin K c. Thiamin d. Niacin e. Vitamin E
D
Which food is a good source of the vitamin A precursor, beta-carotene? a. Fortified milk b. Liver c. Enriched bread d. Sweet potatoes e. White potatoes
D
Which of the following is not a task that vitamins perform in the body? a. Build bone and teeth b. Keep skin healthy c. Heal wounds d. Provide energy e. Help the body use energy in food
D
______ is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults. a. Rickets b. Keratomalacia c. Hyperkeratosi s d. Osteomalacia e. Pellagra
D
When purchasing a vitamin and mineral supplement, look for one that contains at least 150 percent of the Daily Value for each nutrient. a. True b. Fals e
False
Which statement best describes B vitamins? a. B vitamins are fat soluble. b. B vitamins become part of coenzymes. c. B vitamins are stored in adipose tissue. d. B vitamins are absorbed into lymph. e. B vitamins are stored and released by the liver.
B
Which vitamins work with vitamin K and vitamin B6 to maintain blood health? a. Vitamins folate and D b. Folate and B12 c. Niacin and B6 d. Vitamins D and E e. Vitamins C and E
B
_______ is the deficiency disease associated with niacin. a. Scurvy b. Pellagra c. Beriberi d. Thiaminosis e. Osteomalaci a
B
Michael is a young business systems analyst who avoids fried foods and fast food, drinks only black coffee and water, consumes one alcoholic drink on occasion, uses olive oil when preparing meals, and gets 8 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Is there anything that Michael needs to do to decrease his cancer risk? a. Take vitamin supplements with extra vitamin E. b. Omit all alcohol. c. Switch to decaffeinated coffee or herbal tea. d. Incorporate regular physical activity.
D
Newborns are given an injection of _____ to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage. a. vitamin A b. vitamin K c. vitamin D d. vitamin C e. vitamin E
D
The main function of vitamin D is ____. a. maintaining stability of cell membranes b. antioxidant protection c. synthesis of cholesterol d. supporting bone mineralization e. supporting healthy vision
D
The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on ____. a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. niacin d. folate e. vitamin B6
D
Thiamin is involved in ____. a. formation of red blood cells b. blood coagulation c. collagen formation d. energy release from carbohydrates
D
Which of the following is not noted as a group that may benefit from taking a multivitamin- mineral supplement under guidance of a physician or dietitian? a. A person following a low-energy diet for weight loss b. A person with a digestive tract disease that leads to pool intake or absorption c. An alcoholic d. A person who follows a vegan diet e. A person approaching age 65
e