Chapter 7

Of the following gyres, which one(s) flow in a counterclockwise direction? Choose all that apply.

* * * *

Of the following locations, where would upwelling be expected to occur?

* In areas of diverging surface currents *Where there is a sharp bend in a coastline *Where seamounts or tablemounts are present

Of the following statements about the Ekman spiral and Ekman transport, which is/are true?

* In the deeper layers of the Ekman spiral, water can move in a direction opposite of the wind direction. *The Coriolis effect causes surface waters to move at an angle relative to the wind direction. *Ekman transport is to the right of the wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere. *Ekman transport can result in both upwelling and downwelling.

In the figure above, which of the labeled currents are warm water currents?

*F *B *E

In the figure above, which of the labeled currents are shallow, weak, and slow currents?

*H *N

https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/2479828/3/MGEO_2479828_B.jpg In the figure above, which of the labeled currents are eastern boundary currents?

*H *N *C

Recall that global winds impact the direction of surface ocean currents. Examine the following map showing the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa. The direction of the surface current and the prevailing wind do not coincide. What can explain this discrepancy? https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/1759802/6/MGEOL_ItemID_001.jpg

*The Coriolis effect deflects ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere to the left due to Earth's rotation. * Because the current is located in the Southern Hemisphere, the subtropical gyre pulls the current in a counterclockwise direction.

Surface ocean currents ___.

*form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins * are driven by winds *are influenced by Coriolis effect

Of the following surface currents, which one(s) transport large volumes of warm water to higher latitudes?

*the Gulf Stream *Brazil Current *Kuroshio Current

https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/1685450/5/Trujillo_7_3.jpg

1. A: Color for cold water 2. C: Color for warm water 3. B: Cold core ring(s) 4. D: Warm core ring(s)

https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/1685450/5/Trujillo_7_2.jpg

1. B: Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the bottom of the diagram 2. A: Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the top of the diagram

The diagram below shows a generalized cross-sectional view across the Atlantic Ocean. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding water masses and associated features. https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/1685450/5/Trujillo_7_5.jpg

1. D: Antarctic Bottom Water 2. A: Thermocline and pycnocline 3. C: Seasonally warm water 4. E: Antarctic Intermediate Water 5. F: North Atlantic Deep Water 6. G: Upwelling 7. B: Warmest water

The image below is a block diagram showing the Pacific Ocean during an El Niño event. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding features. https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/1685450/5/Trujillo_7_4.jpg

1. E: Pacific Warm Pool 2. D: Low atmospheric pressure 3. C: High atmospheric pressure 4. B: Walker Circulation Cell (reversed direction) 5. A: Thermocline

https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/1685450/5/Trujillo_7_1.jpg A.........................................California Current B.........................................Canary Current C.........................................Benguela Current D.........................................Subpolar gyre E.........................................Subtropical gyre F.........................................Peru Current G.........................................Gulf Stream Current H.........................................Brazil Current I......................................... Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift)

1. I: Brazil Current 2. B: Subtropical gyre 3. D: Benguela Current 4. A: Subpolar gyre 5. G: Peru Current 6. C: Gulf Stream Current . H: Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift) 8. E: California Current 9. F: Canary Current

Fill in the blanks *cold salt brine *North Atlantic current *Thermohaline circulation *Coastal upwelling *High latitudes

1. Palm trees associated with the subtropics can be found at the northern tip of the British Isles in Scotland. This is due to the transfer of heat from the NORTH ATLANTIC CURRENT. 2. THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION is caused by density changes near the poles and equator. 3. Waters along the California coast are colder than those along the mid-Atlantic shore of the U.S. because COASTAL UPWELLING occurs as surface waters move away from the coast. 4. Freezing seawater at HIGH LATITUDES leads to increases in salinity and density.

In the figure above, which shows a cross section of the Atlantic Ocean extending from Greenland (north) to Antarctica (south). Which labeled layer represents a cold-water mass mixing with warmer water to create a water mass with intermediate density?

E

Which current that flows along the equator is driven by a difference in sea level caused by ocean circulation patterns?

Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean

In the figure above, which shows a cross section of the Atlantic Ocean extending from Greenland (north) to Antarctica (south). Which labeled layer has the highest density? https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/2479827/2/MGEO_2479827_B.jpg

G

https://session.masteringgeology.com/problemAsset/2456423/1/7.4-3to8.jpg Based on the graph, which of the following has the lowest density?

North Atlantic Central Surface Water (NACSW)

Downwelling can result from __________.

converging surface currents

Ocean frontal systems that spin off from currents such as the Gulf Stream, akin to atmospheric storms, are known as __________.

eddies

In the figure above, depicting a hypothetical wind direction in an ideal world. The iceberg broke off from the Greenland Ice Sheet and floated into the ocean. Under the prevailing wind conditions, in which direction would the iceberg be pushed?

toward D